Evaluation of Thyroid Hormone Status and Bone Density Ratio in Euthyroid Postmenopausal Women in Early and Late Stage of Bone Loss

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a consequence of reduction in bone mass and disorders of bone structure, which makes the bones prone to fractures. Physiological variations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) may be an early indicator of the predisposing basis of the emergence of osteoporosis. Aim: To evaluate the thyroid hormone status and bone density ratio in euthyroid postmenopausal women in early and late stage of bone loss. Methods: The research is an observational, intersected, controlled study involving postmenopausal women admitted to the Clinic for Nuclear medicine and endocrinology of the Clinical Center University of Sarajevo (CCUS). The study included a total of 120 postmenopausal subjects divided into two groups. First group included 60 postmenopausal patients with osteoporosis, 30 of them were at the early stage of postmenopause, and 30 were in the late postmenopausal phase. The second group consisted of 60 postmenopausal patients with preserved bone mass, 30 of which were in the early stage of postmenopause and 30 in the late postmenopausal phase. For all patients included in the study follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), TSH, free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3) were analyzed. Results: The mean duration of the postmenopausal period was statistically significantly higher in the group of women with osteoporosis (11.4 ± 1.1 years). The mean values of FSH were statistically significantly higher in the group of women with osteoporosis (54.0 ± 2.6 IU / L). The mean level of TSH and FT3 did not statistically significantly differ in the group of women with osteoporosis compared to the control group of women. The mean FT4 level in women with osteoporosis was statistically significantly lower (14.7 ± 0.29 pmol / L) compared to the control group of women (15.95 ± 0.3 pmol / L) (p = 0.004). Conclusion: In our examined group, the FT4 patient (mean) was significantly lower in the serum of women with osteoporosis compared to subjects with preserved bone mass. It would be most effective to recognize risk factors in order to influence them on time, and to alleviate and slow down the consequences of osteoporosis. One of these possible factors is the hormonal status of the thyroid gland, that is, TSH whose physiological variations may be an early indicator of the predisposing basis for the emergence of osteoporosis. The frequency and prevalence of these medical problems require additional research, and it is also a great challenge to understand the effects of thyroid hormone on bone tissue.