18F-FDG PET/CT is the most widely used diagnostic modality for detection of malignant disease. Beside the visual insight of FDG pathways into the human body, PET/CT can give valuable information based on the SUV values. The SUV is a quantitative parameter of metabolic activity. FDG application has 2 major impacts on PET/CT: qualitative aspect (visual insight of FDG in the body) and quantitative aspect (degradation of the SUV values). Based on the literature, FDG extravasation incidence is 31% for all PET/CT studies and in 8% of all cases extravasation has been visually confirmed since the application place has been in the field of view. By constantly developing the technique, work methodology and increasing the quality control of the staff in the PET/CT department, the incidence of extravasation can be significantly reduced based on the results from the literature. In the case when paravenous injection is present on PET/CT images we can use certain software procedures to improve image quality and SUV quanitification.

Introduction: Radiation therapy has long played an integral role in the manage¬ment of locally advanced head and neck cancer (HNC), both for organ preservation and to improve tumor control in the postoperative setting. The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of adaptive radiotherapy on dosimetric, clinical, and toxicity outcomes for patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiation therapy treatment. Many sources have reported volume reductions in the primary target, nodal volumes, and parotid glands over treatment, which may result in unintended dosimetric changes affecting the side effect profile and even efficacy of the treatment. Adaptive radiotherapy (ART) is an interesting treatment paradigm that has been developed to directly adjust to these changes.Material and methods: This research contains the results of 15 studies, including clinical trials, randomized prospective and retrospective studies. The researches analyze the impact of radiation therapy on changes in tumor volume and the relationship with planned radiation dose delivery, as well as the possibility of using adaptive radiotherapy in response to identified changes. Also, medical articles and abstracts that are closely related to the title of adaptive radiotherapy were researched.Results: The application of ART significantly improved the quality of life of patients with head and neck cancer, as well as two-year locoregional control of the disease. The average time to apply ART is the middle of the treatment course approximately 17 to 20 fractions of the treatment.Conclusion: Based on systematic review of the literature, evidence based changes in target volumes and dose reduction at OAR, adaptive radiotherapy is recommended treatment for most of the patients with head and neck cancer with the support of image-guided radiotherapy.

Healthcare risk management began in the 1960s (USA, UK, Australia, New Zealand). It has traditionally been driven by insurance and lawsuits. Today, health risk management is widely accepted through development of appropriate standards and educational programs (1). Risk management within the organization should be recognized as an integral part of good management, or part of organizational culture. Risk management should be included in the organization’s philosophy, practices and business plans, and not treated as a separate program (2). RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE CLINICAL HEALTH CARE PROCESS

Gallium nitride (GaN) is the main component of modern-day high electron mobility transistor electronic devices due to its favorable electronic properties. As electronic devices become smaller with more complex architecture, the ability to deposit high-quality GaN films at low temperature is required. Herein, we report a new highly volatile Ga(III) triazenide precursor and demonstrate its ability to deposit high-quality epitaxial GaN by atomic layer deposition (ALD). This new Ga(III) triazenide precursor, the first hexacoordinated M–N bonded Ga(III) precursor used in a vapor deposition process, was easily synthesized and purified by sublimation. Thermogravimetric analysis showed single step volatilization with an onset temperature of 150 °C and negligible residual mass. Three temperature intervals with self-limiting growth were observed when depositing GaN films. In the second growth interval, the films were found to be near stoichiometric with very low levels of impurities and epitaxial orientation on 4H-SiC without an AlN seed layer. The films grown at 350 °C were found to be smooth with a sharp interface between the substrate and film. The bandgap of these films was 3.41 eV with the Fermi level at 1.90 eV, showing that the GaN films were unintentionally n-type doped. This new triazenide precursor enables ALD of GaN for semiconductor applications and provides a new Ga(III) precursor for future deposition processes.

Quality of measurement results and their accuracy in not neccessary to be high in conventional systems, approximate results are enough to know exactly what happens in the system. However, with increased penetration of renewable sources in the grid, need for high quality and precise measurements has risen. In order to have precise information about power quality, good knowledge of the behaviour of power quality analyzers is needed. Good knowledge can only be obtained by calibration of those meters. This paper describes start of development of a fully traceable power quality reference setup for the calibration of power quality analyzers based on digital sampling of voltage/current signals, and shown preliminary results.