Close to 74,000 cases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are diagnosed each year in the United States. The past 2 decades have shown great developments in surgical techniques, targeted therapy and immunotherapy agents, and longer complete response rates. However, without a global cure, there is still room for further advancement in improving patient care in this space. To address some of the gaps restricting this progress, the Kidney Cancer Association brought together a group of 27 specialists across the areas of clinical care, research, industry, and advocacy at the inaugural "Think Tank: Coalition for a Cure" session. Topics addressed included screening, imaging, rarer RCC subtypes, combination drug therapy options, and patient response. This commentary summarizes the discussion of these topics and their respective clinical challenges, along with a proposal of projects for collaboration in overcoming those needs and making a greater impact on care for patients with RCC moving forward.

Creativity has become one of the most important driving factors of today’s digital business environments. Businesses are increasingly looking for creative employees who can offer new and out-of-the-box solutions to existing problems. Companies go through the process of digital transformation by increasingly changing the ways in which they employ digital technologies and develop new digital business models that help to create and to capture value. Combined with a creative approach, companies have experienced a surge in creative digital solutions. However, the creative process is not a self-perpetuating mechanism. It must be initiated and supported by organizations. This is done by understanding the creative process itself and by making small but fruitful adjustments to the work environment and the overall management of the workforce. As three chosen real-life examples will illustrate, such approach results in unleashing powerful creative energy that offers new services to the market, new approaches to solving existing problems, or as seen in the case of Uber—bringing in a completely new business model based on creative solutions and innovative approaches to different aspects of business operations.

The term ‘digital’ concerns not only technology but also people. This chapter emphasises the necessity of adopting a digital entrepreneurial mindset when operating in a digitised world. The chapter proposes a definition of a digital entrepreneurial mindset that is rooted in cognitive psychology, organisation theory and entrepreneurship literature. We also focus on the five trends that are shaping the digital future: mobile computing, cloud computing, social media, the Internet of Things and Big Data. The chapter discusses the challenges and opportunities that pervasive digitalisation offers for designing new digital business models and changing interactions with customers. Discussing the success stories of Domino’s Tesco and Tate Art Galleries helps to examine data-driven, cloud-enabled, platform-centric business activities, for which developing a digital entrepreneurial mindset is the first step towards success in the digital age. Collectively, the aforementioned cases suggest that businesses that rely on a digital entrepreneurial mindset enjoy better financial performance. Both managers and employees in these companies have shown the inclination and ability to discover, evaluate and exploit opportunities emerging from digital technologies. This chapter also provides a practical guide for entrepreneurs on the steps they can take to encourage a digital entrepreneurial mindset throughout their entire organisations. Finally, we elaborate on the practical implications of adopting a digital entrepreneurial mindset and its impact on society.

Abstract. Water resources and associated ecosystems are becoming highly endangered due to ongoing global environmental changes. Spatial ecological modelling is a promising toolbox for understanding the past, present and future distribution and diversity patterns in groundwater-dependent ecosystems, such as fens, springs, streams, reed beds or wet grasslands. Still, the lack of detailed water chemistry maps prevents the use of reasonable models to be applied on continental and global scales. Being major determinants of biological composition and diversity of groundwater-dependent ecosystems, groundwater pH and calcium are of utmost importance. Here we developed an up-to-date European map of groundwater pH and Ca, based on 7577 measurements of near-surface groundwater pH and calcium distributed across Europe. In comparison to the existing European groundwater maps, we included several times more sites, especially in the regions rich in spring and fen habitats, and filled the apparent gaps in eastern and southeastern Europe. We used random forest models and regression kriging to create continuous maps of water pH and calcium at the continental scale, which is freely available also as a raster map (Hájek et al., 2020b; https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4139912). Lithology had a higher importance than climate for both pH and calcium. The previously recognised latitudinal and altitudinal gradients were rediscovered with much refined regional patterns, as associated with bedrock variation. For ecological models of distribution and diversity of many terrestrial ecosystems, our new map based on field groundwater measurements is more suitable than maps of soil pH, which mirror not only bedrock chemistry but also vegetation-dependent soil processes.

This paper is a commentary on COVID-19 technological solutions, such as contact tracing apps, bringing into question the effectiveness of technosolutionism, and the sociotechnical implications resulting from such technologies. This paper argues that the abyss created from the lack of governance-led leadership in COVID-19 responses has exacerbated power asymmetries reliant upon technology sector led solutions that reflect current political dynamics and governance structures. In relation to these power asymmetries favoring technology companies, we are potentially creating opportunities for technocratic future visions to be further embedded into concepts of smart cities under the guise of public health. These visions and circumstances are dubbed as ‘imaginaries of health’ in the analyses. The analysis is primarily focusing on COVID-19 contact tracing apps and US context, but also references other countries’ findings, such as Australia and Singapore, as examples of contact tracing app's technological limitations. The conclusion of the paper incorporates an examination of sociotechnical effects, calls for the incorporation of alternative imaginaries, and includes suggestions for where these technologies may be better served with creative implementations, along with considerations for the development of further apps. This commentary serves as an examination of sociotechnical implications of technosolutionism under COVID-19 based technical solutions, such as contact tracing apps, with a predominant US-focus.

We investigate emission rate and ellipticity of high-order harmonics generated exposing a homonuclear diatomic molecule, aligned in the laser-field polarization plane, to a strong orthogonally polarized two-color (OTC) laser field. The linearly polarized OTC-field components have frequencies rω and sω, where r and s are integers. Using the molecular strong-field approximation with dressed initial state and undressed final state, we calculate the harmonic emission rate and harmonic ellipticity for frequency ratios 1:2 and 1:3. The obtained quantities depend strongly on the relative phase between the laser-field components. We show that with the OTC field it is possible to generate elliptically polarized high-energy harmonics with high emission rate. To estimate the relative phase for which the emission rate is maximal we use the simple man’s model. In the harmonic spectra as a function of the molecular orientation there are two types of minima, one connected with the symmetry of the molecular orbital and the other one due to destructive interference between different contributions to the recombination matrix element, where we take into account that the electron can be ionized and recombine at the same or different atomic centers. We derive a condition for the interference minima. These minima are blurred in the OTC field except in the cases where the highest occupied molecular orbital is modeled using only s or only p orbitals in the linear combination of the atomic orbitals. This allows us to use the interference minima to assess which atomic orbitals are dominant in a particular molecular orbital. Finally, we show that the harmonic ellipticity, presented in false colors in the molecular-orientation angle vs. harmonic-order plane, can be large in particular regions of this plane. These regions are bounded by the curves determined by the condition that the harmonic ellipticity is approximately zero, which is determined by the minima of the T-matrix contributions parallel and perpendicular to the fundamental component of the OTC field.

Aim: Patient satisfaction and patient evaluation of healthcare can be seen as important results of provided care, as they reflect the level to which the patient’s subjective and objective needs have been met. The aim was to evaluate patient satisfaction with healthcare and compare the results for 2017 with the results from 2011.Methods: The study was conducted in the territory of Zenica-Doboj Canton in May 2011 and in October 2017. A questionnaire was filled out by 2,008 examinees in 2011 and by 2,000 examinees in 2017 outside healthcare institutions (in the street), using the EUROPEP questionnaire as a research instrument. The average age of the respondents was 38.4. The participants in the study were 52 % male and 48 % female. Student’s T-test was used to compare the results between the two samples.Results: A statistically significant difference was observed between the mean patient satisfaction in 2011 (3.19 ± 0.3, min. = 2.6, max. = 3.83, P = 0.00032) and the mean patient satisfaction in 2017 (3.47 ± 0.17, min. = 3.14, max. = 3.94, P = 0.000647), t(23) = 3.75. Increase in patient satisfaction in 2017 is evident compared to their satisfaction in 2011.Conclusion: Surveying the satisfaction of healthcare recipients should be a common method of work as it gives the patients the impression that their opinion is valued, while at the same time it indicates to healthcare staff that their attitudes may need to be changed, their knowledge expanded and the organization of work improved, if they want to provide services of improved quality.

Background: Little is known about gender differences among people exposed to war related trauma. Aim of this study is to explore gender differences in health status and comorbidity of mental and physical disorders in a cohort of Bosnian refugees followed up for 3 years (1996–1999). Methods: This longitudinal study included 534 subjects followed up for 3 years. The interviews were conducted in refugee camps in Varaždin, Croatia in Bosnian language. Data were collected using Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (Bosnian version) and Hopkins Checklist-25, respectively. Physical health disorders were self-reported. Results: In both assessments there was a statistically significant difference between men and women in the number of physical health disorders, even when results were controlled for educational status. Although there was no difference in total number of symptoms in both assessments (F = 0.32; df = 1; p > 0.05 and F = 1.15; df = 1; p > 0.05), important physical health disorders were significantly more frequent among women than in men in different educational groups, namely high blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, and anaemia. Asthma, tuberculosis, cirrhosis of the liver, ulcer and epilepsy were more frequent in men than in women. There were no differences in frequencies of psychiatric disorders at baseline, but frequency of psychiatric disorders in women was higher at endpoint for uneducated respondents. There was significant difference compared to men in group of respondents without formal education, but only in comorbidity of PTSD and depression which was more often present in females (22.1%) than in males (3.6%). Conclusion: Our findings indicate the importance of gender and education on mental and physical health of people exposed to warrelated trauma. Long term health monitoring and programs, especially related to women’s health are needed in order to avoid lasting consequences.

Textile materials are increasingly being subjected to the process of printing. The printing process with its parameters significantly affects the properties of textile materials and clothes made from these materials. This paper examines the effect of the parameters of inkjet printing on thermal resistance characteristics of printed textile materials. As the essential print parameters were selected tone value and a different number of passes. In this research were used knitted fabric materials of 100% cotton fibers and 100% polyester fibers. Results of the research demonstrated that, in addition to material composition, the inkjet printing process with its parameters have a significant influence on the thermal resistance of printed textile materials. The values of the thermal resistance of the printed samples show that the increase in the number of applications of ink in the printing results in a rise in the value on cotton knitwear, and decrease in thermal resistance value on polyester knitwear.

We present a novel approach for decreasing state uncertainty in planning prior to solving the planning problem. This is done by making predictions about the state based on currently known information, using machine learning techniques. For domains where uncertainty is high, we define an active learning process for identifying which information, once sensed, will best improve the accuracy of predictions. We demonstrate that an agent is able to solve problems with uncertainties in the state with less planning effort compared to standard planning techniques. Moreover, agents can solve problems for which they could not find valid plans without using predictions. Experimental results also demonstrate that using our active learning process for identifying information to be sensed leads to gathering information that improves the prediction process.

Background: There are limited resources for improving mental health care across Europe, especially in Low-and-Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) in South-eastern Europe with fewer specialist staff and less funding. Scaling up psychosocial interventions that utilise available time and resources more effectively could improve care for people with psychosis in these settings. One intervention is DIALOG+, delivered via an app on a tablet computer: patients identify life areas to improve and clinicians use a solution-focussed process to help improve these areas. This intervention was piloted across mental healthcare systems in European LMICs, and focus groups were conducted to explore whether such interventions could use available resources effectively to improve care for psychosis in these settings. Methods: Eleven focus groups were conducted with clinicians and patients with psychosis who used the intervention over three months during the pilot study, in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo United Nations Resolution, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia. The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), which describes factors affecting engagement with healthcare interventions, structured topic guides and guided analysis. Codes from the data were mapped onto the TDF, analysed to identify barriers and facilitators, translated into English and checked for inter-rater reliability. Results: 25 clinicians and 23 patients participated in focus groups. Clinicians’ barriers included limited time for sessions and difficulties working with acutely psychotic patients. Patients’ barriers were burden of greater concentration when engaging with DIALOG+ and feeling tense or disturbed during the sessions. Facilitators included motivation to use DIALOG+, positive opinions shared by others, perceived benefits for practice and improving clinician-patient conversations, relationships and care. Conclusions: Barriers to using psychosocial interventions could be overcome even if resources cannot be increased. Despite limited time and other barriers to using DIALOG+, perceived benefits to practice and clinician-patient relationships suggest that psychosocial interventions can use available resources effectively to improve care for psychosis.

The aim of this paper is to present the latest scientific data related to a gluten-free diet, the justification of the introduction of a diet, the advantages and disadvantages of this dietary approach in the population of athletes. Non-celiac gluten sensitivity, previously defined as gluten sensitivity, is a relatively new clinical entity first defined in 2011. This disorder is characterized by intestinal symptoms (abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, and constipation) and extra intestinal symptoms such as headache, chronic fatigue, impaired concentration or “brain fog”, numbness and muscle or bone pain are frequently reported. Since most of the symptoms are subjective without accompanying clinical signs, and since no specific biomarker for diagnostics exists in clinical practice, there is always a dilemma whether this is really a health problem. A gluten-free diet has become popular among athletes due to the opinion that it has ergogenic effects. It should also be borne in mind that the introduction of a gluten-free diet has its drawbacks. Several studies suggest that a gluten-free diet is deficient in whole grains, dietary fiber, micronutrients and minerals. The data collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey study indicate the existence of higher concentrations of heavy metals in urine and blood samples taken from people following a gluten-free diet as a result of narrowed food choices. These data remind us to keep in mind the justification of the introduction of a gluten-free diet and the potential damage to health when observed adherence to this pattern of nutrition in the long run.