The golden ratio (golden section, golden mean, divine proportion) is an irrational number whose value is approximately Φ = 1.618. The golden ratio has imposed itself throughout history as a kind of principle of unison and harmony that is so subtly and fascinatingly repeated in nature, science, art, and even in the structure and function of the human body. What is typical for the golden ratio is that it places the larger segment in relation to the smaller segment, uniting them into a single whole, which again place it in the same relationship with its larger part. If we consider the cardiac cycle as one such whole, its “larger segment” would refer to the diastolic phase, while the “smaller segment” would refer to the systolic phase of one cardiac cycle. In this article, the mathematical processing of 100 ECG records included the measurement of intervals representing the systolic and diastolic phases of the cardiac cycle, where the ratio of diastolic and systolic phases, and the ratio of one cardiac cycle and diastolic phase was obtained. The study has shown that people with normal ECG records have a ratio of the diastolic and systolic phases of the cardiac cycle, and the cardiac cycle and the diastolic phase, which are very close to the golden ratio. On the other hand, persons whose ECG records indicate certain pathological conditions in the heart muscle have ratios of diastolic and systolic phase, and of the total cardiac cycle and diastolic phase, which deviate to varying degrees from the value of the golden ratio. It has been shown that for a certain pathological condition there is a characteristic deviation of the diastole/systole and cardiac cycle/diastole ratio from the number Φ, which opens the possibility of applying this method as a potential diagnostic or screening method in rapid analysis of ECG records.

Fuzzy TOPSIS is one of the sensitive methods for multi-criteria decision making (MCDM). This paper presents the possibility of using fuzzy TOPSIS method and fuzzy evaluation framework for the quality of student mobility in the Erasmus programme. The framework estimates the mobility quality by analysing the answers from the final report study of the implemented mobility. The quality analysis is carried out at the level of individual responses, the entire report and the faculties participating in the programme. The numerical example demonstrates the use of frameworks and determination of quality.

Anthropometric parameters of elite male runners sprint: are body height and weight predictors results. Abstract Purpose . Athletic sprint runs are cyclical movements of maximum intensity. Speed, reaction time, agility and explosiveness are of special importance in sprinters. The main goal of the research is to determine the influence of Body height (BH) and Body weight (BW) with the best achieved results of in sprint disciplines (60m,100m,200m). Material and methods. In study included 40 competitors, top male sprinters (BH=180,45±6,88cm; BW=78,83±7,69kg). Their achieved best results in sprint disciplines were analyzed (60m, 100m, 200m). Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between body height and body weight and the results of sprint disciplines. Also a univariate model of regression analysis was applied and the relevant coefficients were calculated. The level of acceptance of statistical significance was set to p<0.05. Results. The simple regression analysis did not show a statistically significant influence of body height and body weight on the result of sprint running. Low correlations (BH vs. 100m = -0.306), (BW vs. 100m = -0.226) and (BH vs. 200m = -0.221) and insignificant correlations with an inverse relationship between results and anthropometric measures are mainly evident. Conclusion. Body height and body weight did not have a statistically significant effect on the results of the 60m sprint, while their influence is evident in the 100m, and especially in the 200m (but without statistical significance). This influence on the result of running 100 and 200m is a consequence of the exceptional motor-functional abilities of the sprinter to show greater force in the last phase of the rebound. Otherwise in the sprint, the rear rebound phase is much more important than the front rebound phase. A long step with the body weight (muscle) of the sprinter produces a higher rebound force, which with a big frequency of steps and good tecnique guarantees a good result.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas, which can progress to severe AP, with a high risk of death. It is one of the most complicated and clinically challenging of all disorders affecting the abdomen. The main causes of AP are gallstone migration and alcohol abuse. Other causes are uncommon, controversial and insufficiently explained. The disease is primarily characterized by inappropriate activation of trypsinogen, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and destruction of secretory cells. According to the revised Atlanta classification, severity of the disease is categorized into three levels: Mild, moderately severe and severe, depending upon organ failure and local as well as systemic complications. Various methods have been used for predicting the severity of AP and its outcome, such as clinical evaluation, imaging evaluation and testing of various biochemical markers. However, AP is a very complex disease and despite the fact that there are of several clinical, biochemical and imaging criteria for assessment of severity of AP, it is not an easy task to predict its subsequent course. Therefore, there are existing controversies regarding diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, their effectiveness and complications in the treatment of AP. The main reason being the fact, that the pathophysiologic mechanisms of AP have not been fully elucidated and need to be studied further. In this editorial article, we discuss the efficacy of the existing diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, complications and treatment failure in the management of AP.

observation of the gastric body mucosa shows dominant patterns in relation to the regular arrangement of collecting venules, subepithelial capillary network

The purpose of this study was to determine the test–retest reliability of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) for older adults in Serbia. Six hundred and sixty older adults (352 men, 53%; 308 women, 47%; mean age 67.65±5.76 years) partici­ pated in the study. To examine test–retest reliability, the participants were asked to complete the IPAQ on two occasions 2 weeks apart. Moderate reliability was observed between the repeated IPAQ, with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.53 to 0.91. The least reliability was established in leisure time activity (0.53) and the most reliability in the transport domain (0.91). Men and women had similar intraclass correlation coefficients for total physical activity (0.71 versus 0.74, respectively), while the biggest difference was obtained for housework in men (0.68) and in women (0.90). Our study shows that the long version of the IPAQ is a reli­ able instrument for assessing physical activity levels in older adults and that it may be useful for generating internationally comparable data.

Objectives: The aim of study was to explore the pattern of the changes in haematological and iron status parameters of acute coronary syndrome patients through period 1-7 day of hospital admission in order to define the type of anaemia. Methods: Forty-one patients (15 female and 26 male patients, aged 36-81years) of the Clinic for Heart Disease and Rheumatism, University Clinical Centre Sarajevo have been included in the cross-sectional study. Haematological and serum iron status parameters have measured on days 1 and 7 of hospital admission. A decrease in haemoglobin levels to <13g/dl in men and <12g/dl in women was notified as anaemia. Results: A significant reduction in red blood cells count, haemoglobin, haematocrit (p<0.01), iron, total iron binding capacity (p<0.05) and significant ferritin elevation (p<0.05) within period the 1-7 day were noted. Percent of anaemic patients on day 1 was 17.07 % with increase of number on day 7 (36.36%). Serum ferritin has been elevated with reduction of red blood cells count, mean cell volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin (p<0.05); haemoglobin, haematocrit (p<0.01) at first 24 hours of admission in anaemic versus non-anaemic patients. Conclusion: Anaemic patients had significantly lower values of percent transferrin saturation (p<0.05), red blood cells count, haemoglobin, haematocrit (p<0.01) compared to non anaemic on day 7. A statistically significant negative correlations were obtained between serum iron and C-reactive protein; cardiac troponin I and total iron binding capacity (rho=-0.389, p<0.05; rho=0.331; p<0.05, respectively). Observed changes in laboratory parameters through period 1-7 day indicate inflammatory type of anaemia in acute coronary syndrome.

: Background: In clinical practice, there is a very common discrepancy between the clinical findings of patients with lumboischialgia and the radiological findings. Objective: This research aimed to determine the degree of correlation between the ODI index and the VAS scale with degenerative changes in the lumbar spine found using MRI. Methods: The study included 100 patients, who were referred for an MRI of the lumbar spine and who had a clear clinical picture of lumboischialgia. Patients underwent MRI. Degenerative changes in the lumbar spine and discs were analysed. Patients were asked to answer the questions in the questionnaire about the subjective feeling of pain and functional status, and ODI and VAS scores were calculated. Results: There has been a statistically significant correlation found between the answers to the survey questions and the VAS score (p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation obtained between the level of degeneration and the disability index (p = 0.022), while the correlation with the VAS score has not been found to be significant (p = 0.325). Conclusion:

Skin and soft‑tissue infections (SSTIs) encompass a variety of pathological conditions that involve the skin and under‑ lying subcutaneous tissue, fascia, or muscle, ranging from simple superfcial infections to severe necrotizing infections. Together, the World Society of Emergency Surgery, the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery, the Surgical Infection Society‑Europe, The World Surgical Infection Society, and the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma have jointly completed an international multi‑society document to promote global standards of care in SSTIs guiding clini‑ cians by describing reasonable approaches to the management of SSTIs. An extensive non‑systematic review was conducted using the PubMed and MEDLINE databases, limited to the Eng‑ lish language. The resulting evidence was shared by an international task force with diferent clinical backgrounds.

The occurrence of extreme precipitation, floods, and dry periods, according to all forecasts, will probably become more frequent both in Europe and in Bosnia and Herzegovina. For this reason, it is necessary to consider climate change when designing infrastructure facilities. Following this, this paper aims to assess the flow rate data based on the daily measured values obtained at the Reljevo hydrological station on the Bosna River. The analyses are conducted for two periods (1961-1990 and 2000-2010) to obtain the temporal distribution of relevant flow rate data. For observed periods, analysed data are compared

All cases o f OLR during a period o f five years in the Department o f Oral Pathology are analyzed. The aim o f this study was. to present epidemiological and clinical findings o f OLR to determine if Grinspan syndrome exist and if so in what percentage. OLR affected women more frequently (72.3%) then men (27.7%), and after the age o f 40 OLR is more frequent. The ratio o f lichen ruber planus and erosivus was 68.5% : 31.5%. DM is present in 16.1%, hypertension in 30.1%, Grinspan syndrome in 4.2% cases. All the six cases o f Grinspan sy­ ndrome had the erosive form of lichen. There is also significant correlati­ on o f OLR with gastrointestinal disease (85.3%), where, gastritis and hepathobiliar diseases prevail.

The debate concerning the mechanisms underlying the prehistoric spread of farming to Southeast Europe is framed around the opposing roles of population movement and cultural diffusion. To investigate the possible involvement of local people during the transition of agriculture in the Balkans, we analysed patterns of Y-chromosome diversity in 1206 subjects from 17 population samples, mainly from Southeast Europe. Evidence from three Y-chromosome lineages, I-M423, E-V13 and J-M241, make it possible to distinguish between Holocene Mesolithic forager and subsequent Neolithic range expansions from the eastern Sahara and the Near East, respectively. In particular, whereas the Balkan microsatellite variation associated to J-M241 correlates with the Neolithic period, those related to E-V13 and I-M423 Balkan Y chromosomes are consistent with a late Mesolithic time frame. In addition, the low frequency and variance associated to I-M423 and E-V13 in Anatolia and the Middle East, support an European Mesolithic origin of these two clades. Thus, these Balkan Mesolithic foragers with their own autochthonous genetic signatures, were destined to become the earliest to adopt farming, when it was subsequently introduced by a cadre of migrating farmers from the Near East. These initial local converted farmers became the principal agents spreading this economy using maritime leapfrog colonization strategies in the Adriatic and transmitting the Neolithic cultural package to other adjacent Mesolithic populations. The ensuing range expansions of E-V13 and I-M423 parallel in space and time the diffusion of Neolithic Impressed Ware, thereby supporting a case of cultural diffusion using genetic evidence.

Our environment is replete with rich varieties of bacteria, viruses and fungi. They do not waste time as they attack the human body as early as at birth, namely during the passage through the birth canal. While many neonates, children and adults become colonized, only some become actually infected by microorganisms, that is, they develop infectious diseases, which are products of the interaction of microorganisms and the human defense system. The microbial world is unpredictable, changeable and adaptable, as is evident in the microbes’ abilities to develop high rates of antimicrobial resistance. On the other hand, the human defense system, with its innate and adaptive immunity, has the unprecedented ability to both recognize an almost endless number of antigens that originate from microorganisms and to create protection from them. After an initial response to a specific pathogen, the adaptive immunity has the ability to create an immunological memory that will render it capable to adequately respond to potential subsequent pathogens. All of the aforementioned characteristics, namely adaptive immunity, as Editorial

Prestressed beams have an important key role in making the prefabricated halls and other constructions (for example the bridges) that require high bearing power. Production is accomplished in the factory where industrial production is used. Prestressing is considered as a case when additional loading is added to an element by force. Production of these beams is usually complex process. Despite that fact, prestressed beams have numerous advantages as compared to traditional reinforced concrete and this is why they’re widely used in every part of the world. Referring to the methods of prestressing, production process uses pretensioning and post-tensioning. Referring on how the connection between prestressed wires and concrete was done there are bonded and unbonded post-tensioned concrete. No matter what kind of prestressing was used, the objective of the production process is to produce beams which meet requirements to be effective and economical. In practice, batch and serial production are often used in order to achieve transportability, assemblage and accuracy of production.