Kullanim sirasinda farkli islemler baskili tekstil urunlerini etkiler ve bu islemlerden en yaygin olanlarindan biri yikama islemidir. Yikama islemi tekstil yapisinin ve tekstil liflerinin modifikasyonuna neden olur. Bu arastirmanin amaci, elyaf baskili pamuklu orme tekstil malzemelerinin baski kalitesi parametrelerine yikama isleminin, yikama islem sicakliginin ve baskili malzemenin ozelliklerinin etkilerini belirlemektir. Renk indeksi uzerinden spektrofotometrik analiz ve makro daginiklik analizi kullanilarak etkiler belirlenecektir. Arastirma sonuclari, yikama islemlerinin sayisinin arttirilmasinin ve ayni zamanda yikama sicakliginin arttirilmasinin, yikanmis ve yikanmamis numuneler arasindaki renk farkinin artmasina neden oldugunu gostermektedir. Ayni zamanda, substrat ozelliklerin renk farkliliklari uzerinde buyuk etkisi oldugunu da gosterir. Bunun yaninda, yikama islemi ayni zamanda baski kalitesinde gozle gorulur degisikliklere neden olur ki bu yine substrat ozelliklerine baglidir.

The human body transforms the chemical energy of the food into the work and the heat through the process of metabolism. The produced heat through the skin is transferred to the environment. In this case, in the state of thermal equilibrium, the amount of heat produced is equal to the amount of heat lost by conduction, convection, radiation, evaporation and breathing. The process of conduction of heat is transferred from the body to the environment, through layers of clothing and air, with the person standing still. Conductivity of heat in clothes depends on the thermal conductivity of the fibers from which the clothes are made, the conductivity of the air trapped in the pores of the clothes and the air on the surface of the clothing, the surface of the clothing layer through which the heat and the thickness of the clothes pass. The amount of heat transferred by conduction is usually negligible because the clothing, by its characteristics, slows down heat transfer in this way. Additionally, ink layers made in printing process significantly affect the properties of textile materials and clothes made from these materials. And today textile materials are increasingly being subjected to the process of printing due to aesthetic requirements of the people. This paper investigates the influence of digital printing parameters on the thermo-physiological features of textile materials. The essential print parameter was a different number of passes. In this research were used textile fabric materials of 100% cotton fibers. With printing process parameters, such as number of passes in the print, it is possible to influence the amount of ink that is applied on and in printed material, and thus the achievement of desired values of thermal parameters of printed materials. The influence of print parameters to thermo-physiological properties of the material is evaluated through a thermal conductivity and heat retention ability. Results of the research demonstrated that, in addition to material composition, the printing process with its parameters have a significant influence on the thermo-physiological characteristics of textile materials. The values of the thermal conductivity of the printed samples show that the increase in the number of application of ink in the printing results in a rise in the value of thermal conductivity coefficient, and decrease in heat retention ability value.

Tekstilni materijali tokom upotrebe bivaju izloženi različitim spoljašnjim uticajima. Jedan od češćih uticaja kojem su ovi materijali izloženi je toplotno dejstvo. Toplota na tekstilnom materijalu izaziva promjenu strukturnih karakteristika vlakana, čime dolazi i do promjene reprodukovanih otisaka. Cilj ovog rada je da ispita uticaj toplotnog dejstva na kvalitet sito štampanih tekstilnih materijala. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo i analizu zavisnosti kvaliteta štampe od karakteristika štampane podloge, te karakteristika korištene štamparske forme. Eksperimentalni rezultati analiziranih otisaka prije i nakon toplotnog dejstva, dobijeni spektrofotometrijskom analizom reprodukovanih boja kao i digitalnom obradom slike, ukazuju da toplotno dejstvo utiče na kvalitet reprodukovanih otisaka. Rezultati istraživanja su potvrdili i zavisnost kvaliteta reprodukcije od karakteristika materijala na kojem se vrši proces štampe, kao i od karakteristika štamparske forme pomoću koje se vrši proces štampe.

Digital printing has matured and it is now present in daily production. This is true for both the large format inkjet printing and digital commercial printing (with toner based and increasingly with ink jet technique). In the graphic arts industry in particular the latter use case shows tremendous growth figures where small and medium run lengths are taken over increasingly from the offset market (Kraushaar, 2010). As digital printing industry grows every day a lot of work has been done in improving and developing new technologies and products. This increased growth demands higher level of quality assessment in order to be able to compare different products and technologies and evaluate them (Pedersen et al., 2011). Most production digital printing processes depend on the use of certified paper to perform to their best capacity. Any adjustments that need to be made to the actual press require the intervention of technical support personnel other than the press operator (Chung & Rees, 2007). Print quality is very important in each printing technology, and also for digital printing (Rilovski et al., 2012). A common way for analyzing the print quality is to quantitatively assess image color and tone value reproduction using corresponding measuring device. This way of analyzing print quality is easy, since tone and color are easily perceptible, but they are not enough for determining print quality (Dhopade, 2009; Kiurski & Oros, 2012). Several experiments proved that print quality is not a monotonic function of hue, saturation and brightness (Fedorovskaya, Ridder & Blommaert, 1997; Pedersen et al., 2009). Quantitative print quality assessment depends on a number of quality attributes (Pedersen et al., 2011; Rilovski et al., 2012). There are several of them such as contrast, sharpness, macro-uniformity, etc., which are not associated with tone and color but have considerable influence on print quality. They are directly connected with line and dot quality, which are structural elements of any image (Dhopade, 2009). So far many researches have been done that confirmed the importance of different quality attributes, but there is no overall agreement which of them are most important (Pedersen et al., 2011; Rilovski et al., 2012). One of the reason is multidimensionality and complexity of image quality (Pedersen et al., 2011).

The surface of textile materials is highly textured, commonly in non-uniform ways. Because of this texture effect, textile surface appears rougher and more porous than other printing substrates, which can cause excessive ink penetration during printing process. Next, washing process is very important factor because it influences ink characteristics on printed samples as well as structural changes of the textile substrate. The aim of this paper is to determine the influences of washing process and different mesh tread count used for printing on print quality. This will be obtained by using spectrophotometric analysis, and GLCM image processing method for print mottle estimation. The results of this research show that increasing number of washing processes leads to higher color differences reproduction color in comparison to printed materials before washing. It also shows that textile surface texture has a great influence on print mottle as well as that number of washing treatment series can generate variations of solid-tone print uniformity.

Textile materials are increasingly being subjected to the process of printing. The printing process with its parameters significantly affects the properties of textile materials and clothes made from these materials. This paper examines the effect of the parameters of digital printing on thermo-physiological characteristics of printed textile materials. As the essential print parameters were selected tone value and a different number of passes. In this research were used knitted fabric materials of 100% cotton fibers (100% CO), 100% polyester fibers (100% PES) and their mixture (50%CO/50% PES). The influence of print parameters to thermo-physiological properties of the material is evaluated through a warm or cold feeling and heat retention ability. Results of the research demonstrated that, in addition to material composition, the printing process with its parameters have a significant influence on the thermo-physiological characteristics of textile materials.

High surface texture of textile materials appears rougher and more porous than other printing substrates which can cause excessive ink penetration. Also, high temperature thermal loads affect the characteristics of printed ink and cause structural changes of the textile substrate material as well. The aim of this paper is to determine the influence of thermal load on the print quality of cotton based fabrics with different knitting types via surface macro non-uniformity and line quality determination of the printed samples. The research results indicated that the thermal load had a negative influence on the line quality parameter and a positive effect on the macro non-uniformity parameter

Clothes are exposed to diff erent impacts during usages and maintenance. The more frequent impacts on textile materials are the washing processes and the perspiration eff ects. These mentioned eff ects are the causes of specifi c changes of the textile fi bres and on colour reproduction on printed materials. This paper presents research into the impacts of a series of washing and perspiration eff ects on the colour reproduction studied with a spectrophotometric analysis and the water retention capacities of the prints using the screen-printing technique. The research results indicate that with the increase in the number of washes, major changes occurred in the reproduced colours compared to the colours of the samples that did not undergo the process of washing. It was determined that, besides the series of washings, the perspiration effects also had an impact on the reproduced colour changes. The impacts were also affi rmed of printing and a series of washings on water retention on textile materials.