Honey, pollen and propolis have been used since the ancient times in the treatment of infected wounds. These substances express antimicrobial activity even against microorganisms resistant to conventional antibiotics and antiseptics. The goal of the research is to answer the question of whether these substances could help in healing of the udder wounds under the real field conditions. Substances subject to research were mixed in a remedy, which was applied directly into the udder wounds once daily. The wounds were treated with “Apimelem” during May and June, 2012. “Apimelem” applied into the udder wounds gave good results in elimination of infection, prevention of reinfection and faster tissue healing. Prepared “Apimelem” proved efficient, nontoxic and financially affordable, this is especially important for poor or natural disaster- affected areas. Key words: infected wound, “Apimelem”, antimicrobic activity, udder, cow

Goal of this research was to explore the efficiency of intrauterine application of 4% solution of Lotagen ® in the treatment of chronic endometritis of different severity, and to examine the effects of therapy to the breeding-reproductive parameters in animals treated under the real field conditions. Research was conducted between May 2005 - March 2007 by analyzing the data from the protocol of artifitial insemination and treatment of sterility in the county of Sanski Most. Research included dairy cows from 95 stables when chronic endometritis was diagnosed by clinical examination (n=126) at the earliest 21 day postpartum. Animals were treated intrauterinelly with 100 to 180 ml (primiparous and multiparous) of 4% solution of Lotagen ® during puerperium or in estrus, after puerperium. Out of total of 126 dairy cows with chronic endometritis treated with Lotagen ® once or more times, including a group of non-treated animals, clinical healing was noted in 117 animals (92,8%), artificial insemination was performed in 115 (87,3%) and 95 animals had conception (86,3%). Due to the lack of clinical healing, fertility loss or some other reasons, 31 cows were excluded (24,6%) from breeding and this research. The treatment results as well as some fertility parameters were affected by severity of chronic endometritis and time of therapy introduction. The more time elapsed from parturition, the severity of endometritis decreased. Consequently, the percentage of cured animals after the first treatment increased from 59,5% to 79,6% (P < 0,05). Percentage of healing in E 1-2 ( endometritis catarrhalis et mucopurulenta ) was 68,2% after the first treatment and was significant in relation to 44,4% in E 3-4 ( endometritis purulenta et pyometra ). Taking into consideration the conception accomplished in two examined groups, obvious differences are shown: experimental group - 91,5%, control group - 76,9% (P<0,05). The effects of treatment to the breeding-reproductive parameters were also evalauted with high conception rates noticed in treated animals. Key words: chronic endometritis, dairy cows, Lotagen ®

Success in cattle breeding is one of the most important goals in livestock farming and it requires particular attention when it is about securing unobstructed reproduction. Final goal in cattle breeding is to produce one live calf per year, which will likewise enhance milk production through successful pregnancy. The aim of our research was to monitor uterine involution speed with aid of ultrasound device and make records when cows are ready to be inseminated again, which cows need more time to complete involution and how many cows will have uterine disorders and require therapy. The experiment was carried out from October 2009 until the end of January 2010. In our experiment 50 cows were included and 412 transrectal ultrasound examinations were performed. Cows were transrectally examined, starting from 6th day postpartum until 52 days postpartum. Speed of uterine involution has been monitored through decrease of uterine horn diameter and wall thickness. Cows with normal puerperium have completed involution in the period from 38 - 45 days postpartum, while those with abnormal puerperium needed more time to complete it or required therapy of disturbed uterine status. In total 48% of cows had normal uterine involution, 52% of cows had some abnormalities in involution and 10% of cows in experiment required therapy. With continuous monitoring of reproductive tract in cattle with ultrasound it is possible to timely detect right time for first insemination postpartum, decrease period of open days or to detect abnormalities in uterine health status and treat it.

The aim of this study was to investigate clinicallly manifesting footrot in sheep. The monitoring was conducted during April – December, 2010 in the area of Canton Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Clinical monitoring included 9 flocks, with a total of 1.015 sheep of Pramenka breed, both males and females. Based on the severity of the foot lesions, we divide animals in three groups. The first group of sheep had lesions of the interdigital skin only. The second group of sheep had underrunning lesions in a small proportion of the feet. The third group of sheep were either walking on the knees or remained recumbent (underrunning lesions on most of the feet). During clinical observation, a total of 80 animals (7.88%) with clinically manifesting footrot were recorded. Within the first group 75% of animals were diseased, in the second group 20%, and in the third group 5% of the total number of animals with clinically manifesting disease. Our results suggested that clinically manifesting footrot is widespread in Canton Sarajevo, and therefore it is necessary to undertake preventive and control measures against this contagious bacterial disease. Key words: footrot, prevalence, clinical manifestation, Canton Sarajevo

Assessment of energy reserves in the organism made through evaluation of body condition, basically represents the nutritional status of animal, valued by deposited adipose tissue, when body frame and weight have secondary importance. At the farm of high producing Holstein-Friesian cows with tie stall housing and average milk yield of 7000 liters, we followed the relation between the evaluation of body score condition and the conception rate. Total of 29 Holstein-Frisean cows were included in the study, aged between the first and fifth lactation. Cows were assessed on the basis of three major body areas examination (loin, pin bones and tail head). The evaluation was performed visually and ultrasonically by measuring backfat. Assessment of body condition and backfat measuring were performed at the same day as arteficial insemination. The cows were later divided into two experimental groups, pregnant and non-pregnant. The success rate of conception was 34.5%. The results of ultrasound backfat measurements were compatible with the visual assessment of body condition. As such, it represents a simple and objective method. Body condition score for both groups averaged 2.75. The average thickness of backfat was 16 mm in the group of pregnant cows, and 16.8 mm in the group of non-pregnant cows. Energy status of cows in this research seems to have had no significant effect on the conception rate. Key words: cow, body condition, backfat, ultrasonography, conception

Avian chlamydiosis is an infectious disease of birds caused by gram-negative bacterium Chlamydophila psittaci. However, this disease can occure among other mammals including humans. Chlamydiosis often presents as an inapparent infection, especially in older birds. During stressful conditions (deficient diet, transportation, great population density in small spaces, etc.) and comorbidity, however, the birds usually begin to either present with the clinical signs of chlamydiosis, or secrete many causative agents to the environment. Depending on the serotype of the causative agent, and the type and age of the host, the disease usually causes systemic disorders, and is often fatal. The affected birds present with lethargy, fever, typical yellow-green discharge from the eyes and nose, diarrhea, anorexia and the weight lost. Bearing capacity is reduced. Autopsy findings show hepatomegaly with necrotic foci, splenomegaly and fibrinous inflammation of the pericardium, peritoneum and air sacs. Pathohistological findings reveal elementary bodies in the intercellular space dyed red to reddish purple using the Gimenez technique. Key words: avian chlamydiosis, pathomorphological changes, histopathological changes

Bear (Ursus arctos) represent a common wild animal in the forests of our country, but also an attractive hunting wildlife. Because it is a powerful beast, wounding instead of killing is not uncommon during hunting or poaching. Bear who was shot in the head by poachers was urgently hospitalized at Clinics of Veterinary Faculty Sarajevo. This paper includes a description of the animal health condition, severity of injures, performed diagnostic methods and therapy. In this way, we want to emphasize the broad spectrum of veterinary practice and induce affirmation of the veterinary profession and science in the hunting management activity, as one of the segments where the veterinarians are required. Key words: Bear, trauma, therapy

In the period from 2003 to 2008 we conducted a research on avian chlamydiosis in Bosnia and Herzegovina on a great number of domestic and wild birds from different localities. Diagnostic material from the wild birds was provided by the hunting societies during the hunting season while material from the domestic poultry was taken indiscriminately. Chicken samples are taken from the facilities for intensive production, namely parent flocks. Turkey samples are taken from the individual households keeping and breeding turkey on extensive basis (half – open type of breeding). Pigeon samples are provided from the central parts of Sarajevo where the pigeons live in a close contact with people. Also, pigeon samples are provided from around the town's bakery and a farm for intensive poultry breeding because the pigeons are considered a potential source of infection for other birds, primarily domestic ones, and also for the people. We also took samples of the breeding pheasants from a pheasant farm in Orasje, which is oriented toward breeding and releasing pheasants into their natural habitat, but also breeding for the needs of hunting industry. Samples from the wild/hunting birds (ducks and wild pheasants) were provided in the proximity of watercourses as their residence, and where the hunting is of a greater extent. To obtain valid diagnostic results we have used multiple diagnostic methods and tests: bacteriological examination to exclude cross reactions, IIF (indirect immunofluorescence) to confirm antibodies in the blood serum, ELISA (immunoesay) and EIA (quick immunoessay) to detect antigen, and conventional PCR and rRT – PCR to detect antigen as sensitive and sophisticated diagnostics methods. Key words: avian chlamydiosis, epizootiological chart, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Today, cow breeding is production-oriented and focused at achieving the utmost in the shortest time with little extra working hours, food and finances. Healthy extremities are the preconditions for proper conceive and the highiest production in dairy cow. The study included 20 Holstein-Frisean cows with moderate to severe pathological changes in the musculosceletal system, between the first and fifth lactation. In 70% of the cases, pathological changes affected the rear limbs, while in 55% of the cases only a single limb. Out of the total number of udder quarters, 28,75% were suspicious for subclinical mastitis, while the average length of a service period was 144 days. Adequate protection of the hoofs should reduce the frequency of lameness and inflammation as well as direct and indirect losses. Key words: limb diseases, dairy cow, production, reproduction

Unanimously it was concluded that the Baranja and Backa forest and hunting grounds were very well organized giving the impetus to development of hunting and forestry between 1952-1991, and made grounds for contemporary understanding of the modern management. The results showed increase in big game population and the number of trophies, mainly the deer, and later the trophies of wild bore and other big game. This hunting ground represents a nursery for the big game, and is used as a source of the big game for other hunting grounds. Key words: Baranja, Backa, hunting, hunting management, big game