The increased volume of initiatives and investments in the framework of smart cities, as well as strong investments in AI/ML technology together with the IoT industry, undoubtedly represent the future of practical activities and the implementation of new generation technological solutions in cities. By analyzing the previous literature and related works, in the field of smart waste management solutions, the focus of research was placed on isolated problems at lower levels of technology implementation on individual subsystems with individual environments. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the need for a systematic integrated approach in the process of designing a model of practical application of technology to solve the problem of waste management in cities with a special aspect on business processes and the end user. The paper presents an analysis of related works and commercial solutions implemented so far and proposes a practical implementation model that, among other things, includes a component of a higher level of abstraction that should perform an additional iteration of the AI/ML process and make a final decision in the prediction process and controls in smart waste management solutions.

In this study, the implementation of Free Route Airspace (FRA) in Europe is presented, with special reference to the merge of SECSI FRA (South East Common Sky Initiative Free Route Airspace) and FRA IT(Free Route Airspace in Italy) in to the SECSI IT FRA. Free Route Airspace is a certain volume of airspace in which users are free to plan a route between defined entry and exit points. Depending on the availability of airspace, routing is possible via waypoints, without calling the Air Traffic Service (ATS) route network. The purpose of this paper is to show how the implementation of free route airspace in Europe, affects traffic indicators in terms of flight length, fuel consumption, environmental impact and economy. This paper will also show a slight decrease in air traffic controller load as a result of the implementation of free route airspace. We also wanted to show how, the merge of SECSI FRA and FRA IT, affects Bosnia and Herzegovina airspace. When fully implemented at European level, it should allow the following savings, compared to the current situation: 1 billion nautical miles in terms of flight length, 6 million tons of fuel savings, and 5 billion euros less costs in in terms of fuel savings.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a paradigm that aims to connect billions of devices to each other, anywhere and anytime. As IoT will be a ubiquitous technology, its sustainability and environmental impact are very important. Green IoT is considered the ecological future of IoT and plays an important role in which it contributes to improving the quality of life and providing a safe and healthy environment and ecosystem. A systems approach, based on the application of systems knowledge, appropriate methods and tools, provides the basis for observing green IoT through several different aspects by looking at the whole life cycle. This paper focuses on research into green technologies, green applications as well as green IoT infrastructure. It should be noted that this research does not cover the details of the IoT network and the perspective of connectivity, but focuses on the green aspect of the IoT network related to the creation of a hierarchical framework for green IoT. The proposed framework represents a unique view on the implementation of different approaches within green IoT systems, which are focused on the conservation of natural resources, in a way to minimize the impact of technology on human health and the environment.

Digitization of transport requires the transformation of the transport system from a physical to a cybernetic physical system. Digitization of transport includes the application of information and communication technologies and artificial intelligence in the transport system. This leads to the transformation of transport processes, but also to a change in the behavior of users and their views on transport and transport services. This creates the conditions for the development of new services and new solutions in the transport system that enable more efficient, economical, safer and more environmentally friendly transport.

Starting from the emergence of 1st Generation network (1G), wireless mobile communications have been undergoing an evolution - from 2nd Generation (2G), 3rd Generation (3G), 4th Generation (4G) networks to 5th Generation network (5G) at present. The fifth era is only a continuation of the ongoing evolution as it is still in the research phase and is also the basis for further development of industries and the society in general. The paper presents and compares the fourth and fifth generation of wireless mobile communications, focusing on the differences and progress in terms of data transmission rate, capacity, architecture, technology and applied multiple-technique approaches and services provided.

D2D is a promising paradigm of the 5G network offering a beneficial infrastructure and allowing different applications such as social applications, advertising services, or those supporting mutual connectivity of heterogenous objects, as well as those offering support in cases of natural disasters. Compared to conventional network communication, communication achieved by D2D technology shows a lower degree of security. It is necessary to modify existing security mechanisms and new solutions to be adapted to the application of D2D in the fifth generation network, which will raise the level of security in terms of authenticity verification, ensuring service availability and maintaining integrity.

Contact centers are an operationally complex element of a company and play a major role in the experience of its customers. By offering relevant and quick responses to questions and prompt problem solving, a company can achieve a better customer experience. Contact centers generate huge amounts of very useful data, which are often underused, misused, or even not used at all. Our research aims to apply data research techniques to the problem of creating customer profiles in the contact center. Customer profiling mechanisms should provide an explicit set of information about the observed customer's preferences, interests, and behavior patterns. Based on the attributes contained in the customer profile, the system makes decisions in terms of choosing the right contact center agent by anticipating the needs of the observed customer. In our paper, the customer profile is based on the extraction of his properties from log information about used services, behavior patterns, and other general characteristics of each customer. The purpose of our research is to determine which attributes are the most relevant for creating a customer profile and how to evaluate them.

The present review paper provides a systematic insight into the studies published so far when it comes to the research on the cost and performance optimisation in the parcel delivery phase. Globalisation, as well as the new trends, such as selling online, directly influences the demands for the delivery of goods. Demand for the delivery of goods proportionally affects the transport prices. A great majority of deliveries is carried out in densely populated urban areas. In terms of costs, the greatest part in the courier organisations costs is observed in the technological phase of parcel delivery, which is at the same time the least efficient. For that reason, significant improvement of performance and cost optimisation in the very delivery phase is a rather challenging field for the researchers. New algorithm-based technologies, innovations in the logistics and outsourcing of individual technological phases are ways by means of which one strives to enhance the delivery efficiency, to improve performance and quality, but also to optimise the costs in the last phase of delivery. The aim of the present paper is to offer a systematic review into the most recent research in the field of technology, innovations and outsourcing models with the aim of reducing the cost and enhancing the productivity and quality in parcel delivery.

Internet of Things (IoT) becomes an emerging network technology that expedites billions of devices to be connected via the Internet to provide real-time intelligent application services. The benefits of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) can be used to fulfill IoT requirements. Quality of Service provisioning is an on-going demand in software-defined IoT (SD-IoT), particularly for large scale environments. In this paper, we address this issue by proposing a seamless model of AI-aided Traffic Differentiated QoS Routing and Dynamic Offloading in distributed fragmentation optimized SDN-IoT. Firstly, we propose a Multi-Criterion based Deep Packet Inspection method for classifying the network traffic, which is held in Edge Routers (access points). Secondly, we construct a Partially Connected Network Topology using the ISOMAP algorithm for an effective rule placement and routing. We propose a Traffic Differentiated QoS Routing for forwarding data packets via the most suitable switches. We select the optimum route by Deep Alternative Neural Network (DANN). Based on the relationships among switches, the path is selected and flow rules are deployed. The poor QoS is often caused by load imbalance in controllers and switches. To overwhelm this issue, we propose a Dynamic Offloading scheme in SD-IoT. We offload the data packets from the overloaded controller to the underloaded controller using Hassanat Distance-based K-nearest neighbors (HDK-NN) algorithm. Similarly, we propose a Ranking-based Entropy function (R-Ef) to allow dynamic offloading among switches. Simulation is performed using the NS3.26 simulator and the results proved that our proposed AI-aided SD-IoT model provides superior QoS performance compared to previous approaches.

Multiprotocol Label Switching Traffic-Engineering (MPLS TE) is a mechanism for optimizing network performances by using existing routing and resource reservation protocols in order to calculate and establish tunnels used for transporting different traffic flows depending on their destination. Aim of this paper is presenting benefits of using Segment Routing Traffic Engineering (SR-TE) in Software Defined Network (SDN) environment in order to overcome several MPLS TE problems and challenges presented in this paper. In order to present benefits of SR-TE in SDN, two scenarios are compared. In the first scenario SR is implemented in classical IP/MPLS network. In the second scenario, SDN controller is added to a topology and control over paths is delegated to SDN controller.