Aim To compare the prevalence of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) between adolescent and adult pregnancies, and the influence of gestational age and adolescent pregnancy on the frequency of occurrence of PROM and PPROM. Methods This prospective study included 300 pregnant patients, 13 to 35 years of age, divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 150 pregnant women aged 13-19 (experimental group) and the second group consisted of 150 pregnant women aged 20-35 (control group). Results There was a statistically significant higher incidence of both PPROM and PROM in the group of adolescent pregnant women compared to adult pregnant women (p<0.000001). Preterm delivery with PPROM was significantly more common in the group of adolescent pregnant women (p<0.004). Term delivery with PROM was statistically significantly more common in the adolescent pregnancy group than in the adult pregnancy group (p<0.001). Term delivery with PROM was statistically significantly more common than preterm delivery with PPROM in the group of adolescent pregnant women (p<0.0001). Conclusion Adolescent pregnancy has a greater impact on the frequency of PROM and PPROM.

Serological studies are critical for understanding pathogen-specific immune responses and 30 informing public health measures 1,2 . Here, we evaluate tandem IgM, IgG and IgA responses in 31 a cohort of individuals PCR+ for SARS-CoV-2 RNA ( n= 105) representing different categories 32 of disease severity, including mild and asymptomatic infections. All PCR+ individuals 33 surveyed were IgG-positive against the virus spike (S) glycoprotein. Elevated Ab levels were 34 associated with hospitalization, with IgA titers, increased circulating IL-6 and strong 35 neutralizing responses indicative of intensive care status. Additional studies of healthy blood 36 donors ( n =1,000) and pregnant women ( n =900), sampled weekly during the initial outbreak in 37 Stockholm, Sweden (weeks 14-25, 2020), demonstrated that anti-viral IgG titers differed over 38 1,000-fold between seroconverters, highlighting the need for careful evaluation of assay cut- 39 offs for individual measurements and accurate estimates of seroprevalence (SP). To provide a 40 solution to this, we developed probabilistic machine learning approaches to assign likelihood 41 of past infection without setting an assay cut-off, allowing for more quantitative individual and 42 population-level Ab measures. Using these tools, that considered responses against both S and 43 RBD, we report SARS-CoV-2 S-specific IgG in 6.8% of blood donors and pregnant women 44 two months after the peak of spring COVID-19 deaths, with the SP curve and country death 45 rate following similar trajectories. 46

In this study has been analyzed the noise pollution coming from the traffic, in the City of Vranje, South-Eastern Serbia. The monitoring has been done at three location points in vicinity of traffic streets, business zones, residential areas, hospital zones and industrial zone borders in Vranje, in August and September of 2018. An equivalent A-weighted sound pressure level (LAeq) index was used to present noise intensity in different periods. Measurements have been done two times per during daytime (9 and 12 AM), once during evening time (8 PM) and two times during nighttime (10 and 12 PM) in 15-minute intervals. The recorded results indicate that traffic noise levels does not or just slightly higher exceed the accepted limit by Serbian law of 65 dB for daytime, but during nighttime it exceed accepted limit, 55 dB at selected locations in Vranje city, during the August and September of 2018. The reported results of the research showed that the minimum and the maximum noise levels are 54.7 dB and 65.3 dBA, 58.6 dB and 66.2 dB during daytime and nighttime at all three location, during the months of August and September 2018. This study confirms the urgent need to establish a Centre in Serbia for traffic noise pollution monitoring and to develop local traffic noise standards.

Low-temperature food treatments have been used for a long time in food technology, with an aim to preserve their durability. According to the authors of Sharma, Thakur & Maiti (2016) fruits and vegetables are considered as living entities even after harvesting, since respiration processes continue along with numerous metabolic processes at the cellular level. The ultimate quality of the product depends largely on all the metabolic processes that take place inside fruits and vegetables after harvesting.The use of low temperatures for conservation, as well as other processing techniques, can cause damage on fruits and vegetables (Jha & Jury, 2019) resulting texture changes and loss of firmness of the fruit. It is important to highlite the study of Bof, Fontana, Piemolini-Barreto and Sandri (2012) that encourages the use of frozen fruit pulps and jellies as sources of natural antioxidants. The authors point out that their use is more economical and efficient than use of artificial supplements in protection of the human body from oxidative stress.The modern way of producing and distributing fruits and vegetables highlites the importance of cold stores, as a place where it will be kept. Cold stores are used to preserve fruits and vegetables quality and to prolong their use. According to the Serbian Agricultural Inspectorate and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management, there are sufficient storage capacities for domestic needs in Serbia, but they are unevenly distributed and focused on typically fruit-bearing regions (Grocka, Cacak, Smederevo, Subtica and Topola).There are several cold stores at the territory of the Pcinja District like "Nesa Komerc" and "Voce promet" in Vranje, "Sumsko blago" in Bresnica, "Bellus terra" in Katun, "Radulovic M&S" in Suvo Dol, "Hladnjaca DEJ ”in Ranutovac and others. The most commonly stored fruits are presented on the example of the „Dej“ cold stores in Ranutovac. Since Vranje has favorable pedological and climatic conditions, it is necessary to intensify the fruit growing, which will induce increament of having higher number and higher capacity of cold stores in the Pcinja district.

Aim To investigate the prevalence and obstetrical characteristics of low birth weight infants (LBWIs) in ten Cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH). Methods The prospective study included newborns of both genders, gestational age (GA) of 22 to 42 weeks and birth weight(BW) of less than 2,500 grams in the period 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2009. Results In the observed period, 22897 neonates were born, out of whom 669 (2.9%) had a BW less than 2500 grams (average BW was 1295 grams; SD ± 234.2; a coefficient of variation of 0.58). The average GA was 31.4 weeks of gestation. The average lifespan of mothers was 27.7 years (SD ± 1.2). The average Apgar scor (AS) in the first minute was 4.6 (SD ± 2.1) and in the fifth minute it was 6.6 (SD ± 1.9). The LBWIs were most commonly delivered by primiparas, 317 (47.5%). Of the 669 LBWIs, 411 (61.4%) were born per vias naturalis, with cephalic presentation. The highest number of LBWIs was born in Sarajevo Canton, 3.7%, and Central Bosnia Canton, 3.7%. The lowest prevalence was in Posavina Canton, 1.1%. The largest late fetal mortality was in Central Bosnia Canton, 7.7 ‰. Conclusion This study has determined a relatively low prevalence of LBWIs and other examined obstetrical characteristics that are in correlation with European and Global World data.

The aim of this research is to present that pregnant women with preeclampsia risk factor often give birth to infants with lower birth weight as well as infants who have lower Apgar score values. Material and methods: This prospective study included 240 pregnant women of different priority, aged 20 to 40, with one or more preeclampsia risk factors which are related to personal or family anamnesis and their infants. Results: Pregnant women with preeclampsia risk factors gave birth to infants with 19% chance of being hypotrophic, chance that infants might be hypotrophic is 3,16 (95%CI: 1,39-7,41) is bigger in this group of pregnant women. Giving birth to babies with lower birth weight is often with pregnant women who have more preeclampsia syndromes. Linear decline of Apgar score values has been evident with increased number of infants with lower birth weight, meaning more children with lower birth weight have lower Apgar score values at the 1st. minute of birth. Lower Apgar score values at birth is seen with infants from mothers who had more preeclampsia syndromes. Conclusion: Frequency of giving birth to infants with lower birth weight as well as giving birth to infants with lower Apgar score values is often with mothers who have preeclampsia risk factors.

This work was carried out antimicrobial effect on seed dill. The survey was done by diffusion dilution method. By using MVC

Background: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an acquired autoimmune disorder defined by the presence of both clinical (thromboembolic events or pregnancy morbidity) and laboratory (antiphospholipid antibodies, aPL) manifestations. Despite their importance, several clinical manifestations strongly associated with APS such as livedo reticularis (LR), thrombocytopenia, sicca-ophthalmic(sicca), heart, or neurological manifestations are not included in the APS clinical classification criteria. Circulating immune complexes (CIC) formed by Beta-2-glycoprotein I (B2GPI) and aPL (B2-CIC) have been described and their presence has been related with thrombotic events. Methods: Cross-sectional and observational cohort study in APS patients with thrombotic symptomatology. Setting and Participants: Fifty-seven patients from the University Hospital Center Bezanijska Kosa (Belgrade, Serbia) who met the APS classification criteria (35 with primary APS and 22 with APS associated to systemic lupus erythematosus). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of B2-CIC in APS patients and to evaluate their association with clinical manifestations of APS not included in the classification criteria. Results: B2-CIC prevalence in APS patients was 19.3%. The presence of thrombocytopenia (OR:5.7), livedo reticularis (OR:5.6), sicca (OR:12.6), and leukopenia (OR:5.6) was significantly higher in patients with B2-CIC than in the rest of APS patients. C3 and C4 complement factor levels were significantly lower in B2-CIC positive patients, which suggests a greater consumption of complement. Patients with quadruple aPL positivity (triple aPL-positivity plus the presence of B2-CIC) showed a higher prevalence of thrombocytopenia, leucopenia and LR than those with single/double aPL-positivity. No significant differences were found in the frequencies observed in patients with triple-only vs. single/double aPL-positivity. There were no significant differences between patients with primary APS and lupus-associated APS regarding the prevalence of B2-CIC and outcomes. Conclusions: Presence of B2-CIC is strongly associated with several non-criteria clinical manifestations related to APS and to higher complement consumption. More studies are required to better understand the clinical significance of B2-CIC.

SCL/TAL1 interrupting locus (STIL)‐T‐cell acute leukaemia (TAL1) fusion genes are present in approximately 11‐27% of children with paediatric T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T‐ALL), but the developmental timing of the rearrangement is still unknown. To investigate whether the fusion gene can be detected in neonatal blood spots (NBSs) from paediatric patients diagnosed with T‐cell ALL, we analysed DNA from 38 paediatric patients with T‐ALL by nested polymerase chain reaction and electrophoresis. The STIL‐TAL1 fusion gene was not detected in NBSs from any of the 38 patients with T‐ALL, suggesting that STIL‐TAL1 fusion genes are most probably postnatal events in paediatric T‐ALL.

Background Several manifestations strongly associated with APS have been excluded as classification criteria.1 2 Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate correlation between circulating immune-complexes of IgG or IgM antibodies bound to B2GPI (B2G-CIC and B2M-CIC) and clinical manifestations in Serbian cohort of APS patients. Methods A total of 57 patients with APS were evaluated: 35 with PAPS and 22 patients with SAPS. Mean age was 47.6±1.6 years; 36 (63.2%) were women. All patients have met the 2006 revised Sydney criteria for APSQuantification of B2G-CIC and B2M-CIC levels was performed as previously, for detect B2G-CIC was used anti-human IgG HRP-conjugate and for B2M-CIC human IgM HRP- conjugate, both from INOVA (INOVA Diagnostics Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). Results In our cohort Serbian APS patients the prevalence of CIC was 19.29% (11/57); 8 patients with B2M-CIC and the remain 3 patients with B2G-CIC. Livedo reticularis was diagnosed with higher prevalence in patients with CIC compared with patients without CIC; 63.6% and 23.9%, respectively (OR: 5.57, p=0.01). In patients with CIC, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia were more prominent; 54.4% vs 17.4% (OR: 5.70, p=0.01) and 45.5% vs 13.0% (OR: 5.56, p=0.01), respectively. Ophthalmic sicca was more prevalent in patients with CIC; 54.4% vs 8.7% (OR: 12.6, p<0.001). Although complement consumption was more frequent in patients with CIC (figure 1). Figure 1 Mean levels of C3 (A) and C4 (B) complement in groups. Mean levels of C3 (115.6±9.2 mg/dL and 140.9±4.3 mg/dL, group-1 and group-2 respectively) and mean levels of C4 (140.9±4.3 mg/dL and 30.8±1.6 mg/dL, group-1 and group-2, respectively). Conclusions B2G-CIC and B2M-CIC are strongly associated with clinical manifestations related to APS. Widening the APS spectrum is indispensable to better understand this syndrome. References [1] Stojanovich L, Kontic M, Djokovic A, Marisavljevic D, Ilijevski N, Stanisavljevic N, et al. Association between systemic non-criteria APS manifestations and antibody type and level: results from the Serbian national cohort study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2013 Mar-Apr;31(2):234–42. [2] Stojanovich L, Markovic O, Marisavljevic D, Elezovic I, Ilijevski N, Stanisavljevic N. Influence of antiphospholipid antibody levels and type on thrombotic manifestations: results from the Serbian National Cohort Study. Lupus. 2012Mar;21(3):338–45. Acknowledgements This work was supported by research grant number 175041, and TR 32040 for 2011–2018, issued by the Ministry of Science of the Republic of Serbia. Disclosure of Interest None declared

Stem cells are basic cells of the human body; it builds human body, but also participate in the regeneration of damaged tissues and organs. They are undifferentiated that can differentiate into various types of cells in an organism, which is very important in terms of therapeutic applications. They differ in embryonic and adult stem cells. Adult cells are divided into pluripotent and unipotent. Pluripotent cells are found in the blood and in the tissue of the umbilical cord. Stem cells taking process is performed immediately after birth, sampling blood and cord tissue. Today, stem cells are used to treat more than 80 different diseases. The number of possible treatments increases every day, and treatment of stem cell becomes a special branch of medicine.

Encephalitis is a rare, serious condition, and antiviral therapies, increased knowledge of inflammatory pathways and improved diagnostics have increased the therapeutic possibilities. We describe 40 years of childhood encephalitis in Sweden, covering the diagnostics, aetiology and outcomes.