Background: In laparoscopic appendectomy, various methods of securing the appendix base are used. However, the use of different materials may cause inflammation, foreign body reaction and infection in the surgical field. It would be ideal to use material which cause the minimum tissue response. Methods: One hundred twenty rats were divided randomly into three groups: the first group, in which the base of the appendix was secured using an endoloop, was divided into two sub-groups: subgroup a: consisted of 30 rats in which the appendix base was secured using a Vicryl ligature, subgroup b consisted of 30 rats in which the appendix base was secured using a PDS ligature. The second group, in which the appendix base was secured with a Hem-o-lok plastic clip, consisted of 30 rats. The third group, in which the resection of the appendix was performed with a 45 mm Stapler, consisted of 30 rats. Ten animals from each group of subjects were sacrificed on days 7, 28 and 60 post-surgery for histo-pathological testing, to establish the presence and scope of reaction of the tissue to the clip, where an inflammation was semi-quantified graded as mild, moderate and severe. After opening the abdomen, the formation of adhesion was assessed according to the Surgical Membrane Study Group on Days 7, 28, and 60. Results: On day 7 after surgery, a mild mucosa inflammation was present in the Hem-o-lok group (7/10) and the Stapler group (2/10). The exact Fisher Test established that the frequency of mild and moderate inflammation was statistically significantly greater in the PDS, Hem-o-lok and Stapler groups than in the Vycril group (p= 0.01, using the Bonferroni correction, p=0.04). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of mild and moderate inflammation between the PDS, Hem-o-lok and Stapler groups (p=1 in each comparison). On day 28 and 60 there is no significant difference between studied materials. The SMSG score was statistically significantly higher on Day 7 than on Day 28 (U=466.5, p=0.0005) and Day 60 (U=154.0, p<0.0001). The PDS group had a statistically significantly lower score than the Hem-o-lok group (U=15.5, p=0.003), but it was not statistically differ ent from the score of the Stapler group (U=44.5, p=0.343). The Stapler group had a statistically lower score than the Vycril group (U=10.00, p=0.0005) and the Hem-o-lok group (U=5.9, p<0.0001). Conclusions: Considering our results, it may be said with caution that titanium clips and

Morphological characteristics of the digestive systems in birds are direct reflection of evolutionary adaptations of these animals to different type and way of diet. The research conducted on domestic and some wild birds indicate that besides the evolutionary factors, time of start of food intake after the hatching, and amount and composition of food in the period of intensive growth also influence morphological characteristics of digestive systems in birds. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of extensive and intensive way of farming, and different types and amount of food on the morphometric characteristics of the small and large intestines in 45 broiler turkeys (BIG BUT 600). Statistical analysis shows that the way of breeding and the type and quantity of food all have significant impact on the body weight in turkeys but do not influence the length of the intestinal tract in these animals. Key words: turkey, digestive system, morphology

The mildest inflammatory changes postoperatively were found in the staple group followed by those in the Hem-O-Lok group.

Background: Hematology results are often influenced by the time between blood sampling and measurement, as well as storage conditions (e.g., temperature and time) during sample delivery between laboratories may further affect the resulting data. Hematological changes may occur in the measured parameters as a consequence of delayed analysis and may complicate interpretation of the data. Delayed analysis of blood samples may be caused by restricted access to laboratories. Blood samples collected from turkeys in remote locations (farms) often wait for laboratory processing. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate changes that occur in the packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell (RBC) counts and mean corpuscular values (MCV) of turkey blood samples due to storage, including: blood samples stored at refrigerator (4°C), laboratory (24°C) and water bath (33°C) temperatures across a storage period of 72 h. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 25 adult turkeys (British United Turkey 600 hybrids – BUT 600). Hematological determinations were carried out on the blood samples immediately upon collection to obtain the baseline value (BV) and thereafter at specific time intervals across the 72-h duration of storage (DOS). Results: Results showed that for the samples stored at 4°C, there were no significant changes at p<0.05 level from the BV in the PCV, hemoglobin concentration and RBC counts, all through the 72-h DOS, but significantly increased values (p<0.05) were obtained when samples stored at 24°C and 33°C. Conclusion: Based on our research results we concluded following: blood samples obtained from turkey stored up to 72 hours at 4°C provides legitimate results for PCV, Hgb concentration and RBC count. MCV value is reliable if blood sample was stored up to 30 hours.