Physical chemical milk is an emulsion of milk fat in an aqueous solution of proteins, milk sugar and mineral salts. The high molar conductivity of goat milk samples compared to cow's milk indicates a high content of mineral substances. That goat milk is rich in total proteins is also indicated by the protein content in the samples, which are higher than the cow's milk samples. However, higher fat content was recorded in cow's milk samples, which also results in higher surface tension of cow's milk. The freezing point and refractive index of goat milk are higher compared to literature data and cow milk samples. The acidity of goat's milk comes from the acidic properties of casein, citrate, phosphate, etc. it is lower than cow's milk and is in accordance with literature data. The viscosity of pasteurized goat's milk at all temperatures is also higher than that of cow's milk.

Medicinal plants have become an increasing subject of interest worldwide due to the large amount of biologically active substances that have potential beneficial health properties. One of the more interesting popular medicinal plants is hawthorn (Crataegusspp.), a deciduous branched shrub that is increasingly used for health purposes. Various parts of this plant, including berries, flowers and leaves, are rich in nutrients and beneficial bioactive compounds that are effective in the treatment of numerous diseases. Honey is a natural sweetener produced by bees from plant secretions. Known for its nutritional and medicinal values, it gives strength to the body, which is why it is indispensable in the human diet. The combination of these two ingredients represents a significant source of vitamins and minerals in daily use, but also for use in various pharmaceutical and medical purpose. Taking into account all of the above, the aim of the work is to test samples of the mixture of honey and hawthorn in different proportions and determine the physical and chemical characteristics: pH value, electrical conductivity, refractive index, viscosity, water activity, HMF, DPPH. Based on the analysis, appropriate conclusions will be drawn and more information will be obtained about their quality and possible use as a food supplement. On the basis of the conducted analyses, it can be concluded that the parameter values are within the permitted limits defined by the Rulebook (Official Gazette Bosnia and Herzegovina No. 37/09). The analysis of the mentioned parameters showed that the chemical composition of the sample plays a major role in the value of the measurement results, and that Sample III has the best antioxidant properties. KEYWORDS:physicochemical characteristics; honey; hawthorn (Crataegus spp.);mixture; food suplement

: The aim of the research was to measure the basic external characteristics of Pramenka sheep (ridge height, from the ground to the highest ridge point, lower back height, from the ground to the highest lower back point, hull lenght, chest width, chest depth, chest circumference, hull circumference, shin circumference, body weight) with the aim of comparing the measured values in order to asses the impact of breeding areas on them. Domestic kind Pramenka (Kupres strain, Vlašić strain) were used in this research. There were 36 sheeps in the experimental group, and the same number in the control group. Experimets were performed on long-term purebred herds of Pramenka on three private farms in the Una-Sana Canton, 2 municipalities of Cazin, 1 municipality of Bihać, as well as on one private farm in Central Bosnia (area of the municipality of Travnik), and one in the municipality of Kupres (Livno Canton). Based on the presented average values of the external properties of Pramenka sheep and their variations for all examined localities, we can conclude the following: that the sheep are longer in relation to their height and that the Pramenka is of medium physical development, that the differences in body measures in the examined areas are greatly influenced by the origin of certain breeds of Pramenka sheep (Kupres strain, Vlašić strain), as well as the quality of pastures and unequal access to food. By comparing our results with the results of other authors who examined the exterior of other strains of Pramenka (from region in Croatia: Rab, Lika, Pag, Istria) in our wider enviroment concluded that Vlašić Pramenka is the largest strain of Pramenka in this area.

pH represents the concentration of free H+ in pine needles extracts (PNE) and is therefore an important initial parameter in quality control. Electrical conductivity and pH of samples of fresh and stored for 20 days of PNE with black cumin oil and olive oil had values of 0.00 due to the encapsulation of water molecules, pH and electrical conduction was not possible. The pH of the other samples was in a weakly acidic environment because the pH of natural pine needles is 3.8. Electrical conductivity values in all samples except pine needle extract and honey increased during storage. By monitoring the parameters of pH and electrical conductivity in the quality control of PNE, it gives us a significant insight into the physical state of the phases and the way of storage.

Agricultural lands for the production of forage crops in the area of Tuzla canton are limited. The settlement needs in the cattle feed of each area and climate zone used types and varieties that tolerate restrictions on land and climate. The settlement needs in the voluminous feed used types and varieties of forage crops in pure culture and in mixtures. In our area are not sufficiently advanced species, and in particular mixtures of legumes (vetch and fodder peas) with grains the settlement needs in quality voluminous fodder (green, silage, hay), although there are very favorable conditions. For this purpose, to find existing and new production technologies that will be more rational, more acceptable and economically justifiable. Aim of this study was to determine the yield of vetch and fodder pea with oats for use as silage in the macro experiment to determine optimum production technology for settlements the needs of the quality voluminous fodder for dairy farms. Pilot production is set to two most significant localities for the production of milk in the Tuzla Canton, Gradacac and Tuzla. Research was conducted through field trials in cooperation with agricultural farms engaged in milk production. Field testing has found that the conditions of production with the use of appropriate cultural practices vetch and fodder peas mixed with oats satisfy the conditions of production and give very high yields of green mass of 29,12-36,87 tons per hectare.

Food costs are the highest costs in milk production so they need to be minimized. In large dairy farms, the total share of food in the cost structure ranges from 50-60%, while in small farms it is above 60%. By producing one's own voluminous food, the sustainable needs of animals and lower milk production can be met, while higher milk production requires the use of concentrated nutrients produced on one's own farm (corn, cereals). The purchase of ready-mixed feeds should be avoided because it is economically unjustified. Poorer quality and inadequate quantities (more or less than technological needs) in the diet of dairy cows have a direct effect on the amount of milk produced, and thus on income. The production of own fodder and its use greatly reduces the cost of milk because the internal factors of the farm's business determine the success of the business more than the selling price. The cost of food in the total cost of milk production participates from 44.50% in small farms that have a grazing system in the feeding, to 56.71% in Holstein cows in 2021. The share of concentrate in the total cost of feeding is from 55.80% in Holstein cows in 2020 to 71.23% in small farms with a grazing system in the feeding. The costs of production of corn silage in the feeding ratio in 2020. yaer amounted 0.0514 BAM / kg, and in the feeding ratio in 2021. Year 0.0433 BAM / kg. The price of concentrate in the feeding ratio in 2020. Year was 0.55 BAM / kg, and in 2021. Year 0.72 BAM / kg (1 BAM = 0,511 €) (1 BAM = 0, 59 $) The coefficient of economy is from 1.4920 in farms with up to 10 Simmental cows, to 1.8214 in larger Holstein cow farms.

There are data in the literature on the influence of higher amounts of organic selenium on production results, and the obtained results indicate that high levels of organic selenium added to feed (even up to 15 mg / kg) of chickens did not have a negative effect on production results. Also, in the literature related to chicken nutrition there is data on the use of different forms (inorganic, organic) and different amounts of selenium on carcass meat, pH value of meat, ability to bind water, chemical parameters of meat quality, oxidative stability of meat, and and on the sensory properties of broiler meat. Of particular importance are the studies of the possibility of using increased amounts of organic selenium in poultry nutrition in order to enrich meat with selenium. This is of particular importance for the nutritional value of meat, and in connection with this, human health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adding different amounts of organic selenium (ALKOSEL® R397) in concentrate mixtures on the sensory properties of meat streams.

By seed surfaces according to the information the Federal Bureau of Statistics and the Institute of Statistics Republic of Srpska of the total area under vegetables potatoes occupies 57% sowing area, so that after the corn and wheat, potatoes the most important agricultural plant in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Most are lighter types of land - permeable, loose, sandy-humus and sandy-clay ground with crumb structure, rich in mineral and organic matter, with favorable water – air characteristics. Does not match his tough swampy lands with a high level of underground water. Tolerate acid soil reaction, and the optimum pH is 5,4-6,5. Given that the area of Tuzla canton mainly acid soil with pH values from 4.5 to 5.5 made the production of a sample on the plot that had a pH value of 4.6 as a material for the reparation of land or quality of calcification was Fertdolomit in order to increase in pH, after you apply Fertdolomit analysis has found that the increased pH value to 5.8. Calcification is a measure of repair of chemical properties of soil, primarily reducing its acidity, ie. bringing the pH value to the optimum level for the cultivation of certain plant species calcium use of fertilizers. At the same time, this measure of the repair water-air, mechanical, physical and biological properties of soil. t / ha manure and NPK 7:20:30 400 kg / ha and the use of manure 40 t / ha, NPK 7:20: 30 in the amount of 400 kg / ha with supplements Fertdolomit in the amount of 3 t / ha. The results reflected a big point to the importance of calcification in the production of potatoes.

In recent years, the topic of sustainability of return has been topical. A significant number, if not the vast majority, are in fact returnees to rural areas in the wider area of Bosnia and Herzegovina. There are many objective reasons why this is so, but in this paper we will deal with the perspectives of sustainable return on the example of the region "Srednje Podrinje". Animal production imposes itself as the simplest form of production in order to engage existing resources owned by returnees, primarily land. However, one of the problems faced by the inhabitants of rural areas is the lack of knowledge about the markets for agricultural products, in connection with their chances but also threats.

The goal of the research was to monitor the quality of corn silage on farms in the period from 2017. to 2019th year, and to compare the quality of silage by years of research. The analysis of corn silage has been done at 20 farms in the municipality Kalesija. The following parameters of corn silage quality were determined: acidity (pH), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (SC) and moisture content (SV). The quality of corn silage varies much more in one year, by the farms, than by years of production, although the agro-climatic conditions for production were different in the years of production. The medium value of CP by years of research is in 2017 - 6.94 %, 2018 - 6.82 % and in 2019th was 6.31 %. The low level of protein indicates a bad choice of hybrids for sowing and storing silage at a later stage of corn development. The acidity (pH), the medium value by year of research is in 2017 - 3.81, in 2018 - 4.03 and in 2019 - 4.01. The acidity is in the limits of optimal values for corn silage. The medium value of SC by years of research is in 2017th 31.69 %, 2018 - 31.9 % and in 2019 - 33.99 %. The high content of cellulose is an indicator of storing corn silage in later stage of corn maturation. Moisture content, the medium value by years of the research is in 2017 - 68.48 %, 2018 - 68.75 % and in the 2019 - 68.43 %. The moisture content is within the optimum values for corn silage.

The industrialization of agriculture has led to the great use of pesticides, which leads to huge global problems, such as the production of safe food that is safe for humans and the environment. By heavy metals we mean elements whose relative density is above 5 g cm-3, heavy metals can be divided into essential trace elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo, Mn, Ni) and toxic elements (Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Hg ). Heavy metals are represented 25% in the soil, and the largest percentage is occupied by K, Fe, Mg, Ca, Al, Na. In addition to anthropogenic processes such as urbanization, traffic, industrialization, heavy metals can be a consequence of natural or pedogenetic processes, ie. inheritance from the parent substrate. The aim of this study was to determine the content of heavy metals Lead and Cadmium in the examined samples, to compare the obtained samples with the norms of the EU and BiH and the influence of the content of heavy metals on the quality of honey. Data collection was performed on the basis of honey analysis of four producers from the area of ​​Tuzla, Lukavac, Živinice and Bihac. The analysis was performed on February 18, 2020. to 25.02.2020. years. The analysis of the processed data was performed in the statistical program IBM SPSS.

One of the most important agricultural activities is certainly beekeeping, which significantly contributes to the preservation of biodiversity and the improvement of agricultural and, above all, fruit production. In its approach to the European Union, Bosnia and Herzegovina follows the trends and harmonizes its legal legislation in many segments that relate to agriculture and beekeeping as its very important segment. According to the available land per capita, Bosnia and Herzegovina does not lag behind European countries, because it has a great potential for agricultural production that has not been used. The application of legal norms in beekeeping production is the basis for success in production, as well as health and food quality. The primary goal of this study was to determine the influence of physicochemical properties on honey quality. Data collection was performed on the basis of honey analysis of four producers from the area of ​​Tuzla, Lukavac, Živinice and Bihac. The analysis was performed on February 18, 2020. to 25.02.2020. years. The analysis of samples and their physico-chemical parameters proved that there are statistically significant differences between the examined types of honey. The analysis of the main components was performed with the aim of detecting the difference in quality. The analysis of the processed data was performed in the statistical program IBM SPSS.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the addition of different amounts of organic selenium (ALKOSEL® R397) in concentrate mixtures on the selenium content in the blood plasma and feces of ducks. The experiment was performed on 240 one-day-old ducklings (Cherry Valley) which were freely selected into 4 groups, one control K0 group, and three experimental K1, K2 and K3 groups. In two phases of feeding in fattening, ducklings were fed with two and nutritionally different concentrate feed mixtures: starter (from 1 to 14 days) and finisher (from 15 to 49 days of fattening). The control group of ducklings (K0) during feeding received food without added organic selenium in both phases of fattening. In both phases of fattening, the experimental group of ducks K1 was fed with food as well as the control group, but with the addition of 0.2 mg/kg of organic selenium, while the experimental group K2 used food with 0.4 mg/kg, and the experimental group K3 with 0.6 mg/kg of organic selenium. The addition of organic selenium to duck feed had the effect of increasing selenium content in both blood plasma and duck feces. The highest content of selenium in blood plasma and feces was determined in the group of ducks that received the highest amount of organic selenium through food during the entire experiment.

The natural plant Cornus mas, sometimes called Cornelian cherry, has been known since ancient times and the fruit is used for various purposes. Cornus mas gives healthy fruits without the use of chemical protection, which are used as healthy, tasty and medicinal food. Cornus mas fruits can be used for eating fresh or in the form of numerous processed products: marmalade, jam, sweet, compote, syrup, juice, fruit yogurt, liqueur, wine and brandy. Due to its antioxidant, antiallergic, antimicrobial and antihistamine properties, it is increasingly used as a dietary supplement, as well as for medical purposes. Taking into account all the above, the aim of this paper is to examine samples of a mixture of honey and fresh wild Cornelian cherry, as well as a sample of honey and Cornelian cherry and determine the physical - chemical parameters: electrical conductivity, pH value, vitamin C content, HMF (hydroxy methyl furfural), as well as individual heavy metals such as iron, cadmium, lead, zinc, copper. Based on the obtained results, appropriate conclusions will be given and the possibility of registering these products as food supplements will be determined.  Based on the performed analyzes, it was shown that the sample of honey and Cornelian cherry mixture had the highest pH value and electrical conductivity, and that the honey sample had the lowest value. Also, the highest value of water activity had the sample of a mixture of honey and Cornelian cherry, while the highest content of hydroxymethylfurfural had the content of Cornelian cherry. The analysis showed the absence of manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in all samples, while it was shown that the highest content of Cu and Zn has the sample of Cornelian cherry 2.665 mg/kg Cu ​​and 14.41 mg/kg Zn, followed by a mixture of Cornelian cherry and honey Cu 2.778 mg/kg, Zn 14.670 mg/kg, while the honey sample has the highest Fe content of 16.72 mg/kg. This shows that the samples are rich in zinc, iron and copper, and that they are a good source for those minerals that could meet daily needs.