One of the main agricultural activities in Bosnia and Herzegovina is the production of milk, both from beef and sheep. According to the available data, the number of sheep in the world has exceeded one billion (1.08 billion), and in B&H it is slightly higher than one million (1,021,000 heads). About 8.3 million tons of sheep's milk is produced in the world. The structure and function of the mammary gland is of crucial importance for milk production. The development of the mammary gland is influenced by several factors. One of the most important is the action of hormones. A crucial role for the development of the mammary gland is played by prolactin, which simultaneously affects the initiation and maintenance of lactation. Based on the set experiments, exogenous application of prolactin, its influence on the development of the udder in prepubertal females and the histological picture of the udder in untreated and treated udders were established. Treatment with prolactin was carried out by intramuscular injections in a dose of 5 IU, three times for 60 days (every 20 days). One group (36) was treated in the period of early spring (April-May), and the other (36) in the period of early autumn (September-October). Female lambs were on average 250 days old (8.5 months) at the time of treatment. Sixty days after the treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the complete udders with ligaments were taken, which were then measured. The following measurements were taken: mass of the complete udder, mass of the udder without skin and ligaments, length of the udder, width of the udder and diagonal length. The results obtained during both seasons showed that prolactin influenced the development of the mammary gland in sheep. 

Domestic animals are of great importance for humans, due to various animal products that are irreplaceable in food and clothing. Owing to the development of the digestive organs and the richness in the microflora of the rumen, some types of domestic animals (ruminants) are able to refine and transform various types of plant nutrients and food by-products into high-value animal products, such as meat, milk and wool. Sheep breeding in our country is significantly less important than cattle breeding, meaning that the sheep production is not satisfactory. Numerous factors have caused such situation, and it is clear that more serious work must be done on the development of sheep breeding, since Bosnia and Herzegovina has extremely favorable conditions for raising sheep. Successful sheep production depends mostly on good reproduction, and reproduction depends primarily on the normal and proper development of sexual organs. Numerous factors influence development of sexual organs, including genetic (species and breed of domestic animals) and paragenetic, the most important of which are handling and care, nutrition, breeding season, etc. The influence of the annual breeding season on the establishment of sexual activity in domestic animals is well-known, and this is especially pronounced in sheep. The aim of this work was to determine whether the season influences development of the sexual organs of sheep. The research was conducted on uteri of sacrificed animals taken at the slaughterhouse. The following were examined and measured: 30 uteri of prepubertal sheep (15 in the autumn-winter season and 15 in the spring-summer season) and 30 ewes (15 in the autumn-winter season and 15 in the spring-summer season). The following morphometric parameters were measured: the mass of the uterus with ligaments, the mass of the preserved uterus, the mass of the ovaries, the length of uterine horns, the length and width of the uterus, the length of the fallopian tubes.The obtained results indicate that the examined season influences the dynamics of the development of sexual organs in sheep. This is especially pronounced in ewe and hoggs.

The aim of this paper is focused on reducing sodium chloride content by partial replacement with potassium chloride and magnesium chloride in cooked cheese samples. For the production of cheese, standardized cow's milk from a domestic market producer was used, and the cheese was produced by heating the milk to a temperature of 95°C and coagulation with acetic acid. The one salted only with NaCl was designated as the standard sample, and the other samples were salted with combinations of salts in which NaCl reduction was performed: sample A1 had a ratio of 15% KCl:85% NaCl, sample A2 30% KCl:70% NaCl, sample B1 15% MgCl2:85% NaCl and sample B2 30% MgCl2:70% NaCl. The cheese samples were stored at + 4°C and color parameters and sensory properties were analyzed on the 1st, 3rdand 5thdays of storage. Based on the performed analyses, it was concluded that it is completely acceptable to replace sodium chloride with potassium chloride in the ratio of 15% KCl:85% NaCl. It is acceptable to replace sodium chloride with potassium chloride inthe ratio of 30% KCl:70% NaCl, with the note that on the 5thday of storage there is a gradual deterioration of the sensory properties compared to the samples analyzed on the 1stday of storage. Replacement of sodium chloride with magnesium chloride in the ratios 15% MgCl2:85% NaCl and 30% MgCl2:70% NaCl is not acceptable.As such, it is not recommended in the production of cooked cheeses due to the appearance of a metallic and bitter taste that is present in cheese samples from the 1st to the 5th day of storage. KEYWORDS:cooked cheese, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride

This study was intended to determine the effect of adding flax seeds to a concentrate for lamb fattening on the fatty acid composition of the omental fat depot in Pramenka lambs reared indoors. A total of 63 lambs (10±3 kg of live body weight, 30±7 days of age, 30 males and 33 females) were used. They were divided into two groups: a control (CON) fed on hay, ewe's milk, and a 300-g daily ration of a commercial concentrate, and an experimental group (FS) fed on hay, ewe's milk and 300 g/day of the concentrate enriched with 5% of flax seeds. After a 60-day fattening period for each group, 10 lambs (5 males and 5 females) were selected and omental fat samples were analysed for fatty acid composition. Highly significant differences (p⟨0.001) were found between CON and FS in α-linolenic acid, the sum of n-3 fatty acids, and the ratio n-6/n-3 fatty acids. The effect of sex on the fatty acid content in the fat depot was only significant for C20:0 fatty acid (p⟨0.05).

: The aim of the research was to measure the basic external characteristics of Pramenka sheep (ridge height, from the ground to the highest ridge point, lower back height, from the ground to the highest lower back point, hull lenght, chest width, chest depth, chest circumference, hull circumference, shin circumference, body weight) with the aim of comparing the measured values in order to asses the impact of breeding areas on them. Domestic kind Pramenka (Kupres strain, Vlašić strain) were used in this research. There were 36 sheeps in the experimental group, and the same number in the control group. Experimets were performed on long-term purebred herds of Pramenka on three private farms in the Una-Sana Canton, 2 municipalities of Cazin, 1 municipality of Bihać, as well as on one private farm in Central Bosnia (area of the municipality of Travnik), and one in the municipality of Kupres (Livno Canton). Based on the presented average values of the external properties of Pramenka sheep and their variations for all examined localities, we can conclude the following: that the sheep are longer in relation to their height and that the Pramenka is of medium physical development, that the differences in body measures in the examined areas are greatly influenced by the origin of certain breeds of Pramenka sheep (Kupres strain, Vlašić strain), as well as the quality of pastures and unequal access to food. By comparing our results with the results of other authors who examined the exterior of other strains of Pramenka (from region in Croatia: Rab, Lika, Pag, Istria) in our wider enviroment concluded that Vlašić Pramenka is the largest strain of Pramenka in this area.

Abstract This research is aimed at determining the impact of supplementing extensively reared lambs with a limited amount of flax seed enriched-concentrate on the fatty acid profile of the lamb meat (omental fat depot). A total of 96 60-day old Pramenka breed lambs (23.85±3.98 kg live body weight; 60±10 days of age; 42 males and 54 females) raised on pasture with their dams were randomly divided in three experimental groups: control (CON) or extensive rearing group, which did not receive any supplementary feed; concentrate (CC) group, receiving 300 g of a conventional commercial concentrate feed per animal daily, and concentrate-flax seed (CC-FS) group, receiving 300 g/day of the concentrate supplemented with 5% of flax seed. After 60 days of experimental period, 10 lambs were selected (5 males and 5 females) from each group and slaughtered. Omental fat samples were taken and analyzed to determine their fatty acid profile. Significant (P>0.05) differences in the fatty acid profile between CON and CC groups were small. However, enrichment of the concentrate with 5% flax seed increased the percentages of PUFA and n-3 PUFA when compared to both CON and CC groups and thus slightly improved the nutritional characteristics of the omental fat. The effect of sex on the fatty acid profile was only observed for C20:4 n-6 and C20:5 n-3 (P < 0.05).