This study offers experimental testing of commercial and laboratory inverters, utilized in a laboratory prototype of an urban microgrid. Operation of grid inverters supplied by PV arrays in urban environments, encounters challenges such as partial shading and soiling. Emulation of the current-voltage characteristics of PV arrays enables repeated and reliable testing of inverter operation under irregular supply conditions. It has been shown that finding the maximum power point can be challenging under conditions of partial shading and soiling. Additionally, meeting the grid quality standards for the delivered power represents a challenge. Satisfying these requirements can be achieved through careful design of LCL filters at inverter output terminals, but further improvement can be achieved only through an adequate selection of the primary controller. To further improve the quality of grid currents, the possibility of applying innovative control algorithms has been demonstrated for laboratory inverters. Application of sliding mode controllers, besides ensuring system robustness, can prevent overshoots and fault responses from the current protection circuit by introducing a specific anti-windup structure.

A new design approach to discrete time sliding-mode-based controllers with disturbance compensation is proposed in this paper. The approach is applicable for linear time invariant plants with matched disturbances. Starting from the known methods for disturbance estimation (i) using discrete time nominal plant model and (ii) using original sliding mode control design method, full integration of those two algorithms into single one is proposed. Besides, the proposed algorithm can be additionally simplified for a small sampling time. The simplified algorithm does not directly depend on the equivalent control but only on the present and previous values of the sliding variable and previous value of the control. The obtained results are compared with the corresponding system with disturbance estimator based on sliding variable measurement. It is established that both methods give identical results in the nominal case. The method is illustrated in a positional servo system design. Comparative analysis of different methods is done by computer simulation.

Application of a discrete time (DT) sliding mode controller (SMC) in the control structure of the primary controller of a three-phase LCL grid inverter is presented. The design of the inverter side current control loop is performed using a DT linear model of the grid inverter with LCL filter at output terminals. The DT quasi-sliding mode control was used due to its robustness to external and parametric disturbances. Additionally, in order to improve disturbance compensation, a disturbance compensator is also implemented. Also, a specific anti-windup mechanism has been implemented in the structure of the controller to prevent large overshoots in the inverter response in case of random disturbances of grid voltages, or sudden changes in the commanded power. The control of the grid inverter is realized in the reference system synchronized with the voltage of the power grid. The development of the digitally realized control subsystem is presented in detail, starting from theoretical considerations, through computer simulations to experimental tests. The experimental results confirm good static and dynamic performance.

This article proposes a new robust dead‐beat controller for multivariable systems using multirate sampled data. Applying a discrete‐time higher order sliding mode control approach, the proposed dead‐beat controller design uses the state‐space nominal model (model without disturbances) of the system and its controllability indices to compute the state feedback matrix. The obtained control annihilates the system state in a minimal number of sampling periods. For example, a heuristic procedure for selecting a sampling time is considered in order to keep maximal amplitudes of control inputs within the allowable limits. Since the dead‐beat control has poor robustness, a new discrete‐time supertwisting disturbance observer is used to suppressed disturbance effects. Stability analysis of the proposed observer has shown that it is suitable for Lipschitz type of disturbances. The sampling period of the disturbance observer is generally smaller than the control sampling period. Properties of the proposed control system are demonstrated in simulation examples.

Modern control techniques of electrical drives (EDs) use robust control algorithms. One of such algorithms is variable structure control (VSC) with sliding mode (SM). SM control needs more information on the controlled plant than the conventional PI(D) control. Valid mathematical model of the controlled plant is necessary for the SM controller design. Generalized mathematical model of two-phase electrical machine and its adaptation to direct current (DC) and induction motor (IM) are given in this paper, employed in the cascade control structure. Also, the basic SM control theory and discrete-time controller design approach, developed by the authors, are given. Finally, experimentally realized examples of speed and position control of DC and IM are given as an illustration of the efficiency of the promoted EDs controller design via discrete-time VSC.

Abstract The paper proposes a discrete-time sliding mode controller for single input linear dynamical systems, under requirements of the fast response without overshoot and strong robustness to matched disturbances. The system input saturation is imposed during the design due to inevitable limitations of most actuators. The system disturbances are compensated by employing nonlinear estimation by integrating the signum of the sliding variable. Hence, the proposed control structure may be regarded as a super-twisting-like algorithm. The designed system stability is analyzed as well as the sliding manifold convergence conditions are derived using a discrete-time model of the system in the δ-domain. The results obtained theoretically have been verified by computer simulations.

This paper proposes a control method for multi-input linear systems that provides the closed-loop system dynamics of an arbitrary order having a specified feasible spectrum of poles. By appropriate selection of auxiliary outputs, the system is decoupled into a set of subsystems. The number of these subsystems is equal to the number of control inputs. The desired dynamic of the considered system is achieved using higher order sliding mode, where the sliding mode of appropriate order is realized in each subsystem. The proposed control approach is illustrated by a simulation example.

This paper presents a new dead-beat control design for a class of multi-input linear time-invariant continuous-time controllable systems. The system is controlled using multi-rate sampled data. First step in design is to obtain the controllability index vector. Using elements of this vector known as controllability indices, the state feedback matrix is computed applying higher order sliding mode control approach. The number of sliding variables is equal to the number of control inputs. Obtained control annihilates system state in a minimal number of sampling periods which is equal to the maximal value of controllability indices. Since, the dead-beat control has poor robustness, a disturbance compensation is designed. In this paper, the compensation control is equal to the negative value of the disturbance estimate. The estimate is obtained using the equivalent control approach, while the compensation sampling period is not the same as the deadbeat control sampling period. The control is formed as the dead-beat control term and the compensation control which suppressed disturbance effects. The sampling period of compensation control is generally smaller than the control sampling period. Properties of the proposed control system are demonstrated on a simulation example.

Many real dynamical processes in control engineering practice can be modelled as a first order plant with saturation at its input. This paper proposes a new solution to control such plants, which is a combination of discrete-time first-order sliding mode (SM) control and discrete-time realization of super twisting control algorithm (STA) that is commonly used in second-order SM. A brief mathematical foundation of the proposed controller is given and then demonstrated in induction motor (IM) speed control as an example. A comparative study between conventional PI controller, discretized original STA and the proposed combined STA in tracking of various speed references under action of disturbances. Simulation and experimental results confirm that the proposed simply designed controller provides high quality performance.

This paper introduces a control method for finite time stabilization of continuous-time controllable linear time invariant multiple-input multiple-output systems. The proposed approach uses higher order sliding mode control to reduce the system order to zero and thus providing the system states to reach the origin in finite time. Such control is called finite time order zeroing control, because it annihilates all sliding variables and their associated derivatives in finite time, while system states converge to equilibrium point. Sliding manifold reaching control uses quasi-continuous control functions. Properties of the proposed control system are demonstrated on a simulation example of a real system model.