Introduction: The aims of this study were to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX- 2) and vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), their correlation with lymphangiogenesis, angiogenesis and clinicopathological significance in human gastric cancer. Material and methods: Tissue samples of gastric cancer of 60 patients, who underwent Billroth II resection, were analyzed. The expression of COX-2 and VEGF-C proteins was calculated using a semi-quantitative immunoreactive score method. Quantitative analysis of lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis was performed according to the method described by Weidner. Lymphangiogenesis was evaluated by immunostaining with D2-40. Angiogenesis was assessed by CD105 immunostaining. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the mean values of COX-2 (p< 0.01) and VEGF-C (p< 0.05) between gastric cancer samples and in control samples. Angiogenesis was significantly higher in neoplastic tissue then in control group (p<0.001). Expression of COX-2 showed a significant positive linear correlation with angiogenesis (p<0.05). However, COX-2 did not correlate with VEGF-C or lymphangiogenesis. There was an association between VEGF-C and lymphangiogenesis, but without statistical significance. Lymphangiogenesis significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (p=0.007). Expression of COX-2 showed significant correlation with type of Bormann’s classification (p=0.019) and depth of invasion (p=0.03). Conclusions: The tumor cells are the major source of COX-2 and VEGF-C in gastric carcinomas. Their correlation did not show that COX-2 overexpression promotes tumor lymphangiogenesis through augmentation of VEGF-C. The results of this study suggest that neoangiogenesis is a dominant process during tumor progression, whereas lymphangiogenesis plays an important role in lymph node metastasis. Keywords: angiogenesis, CD105, COX-2, D2-40, gastric cancer, lymphangiogenesis, VEGF-C

Introduction: Main categorisation of azospermic is in two grups: nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) and obstructive azoospermia (OA). We had evaluation of prognostic factors and determinants in sperm retrieval procedures in azoospermic patients. Methods: Retrospective evaluation observed 21 selected patients with NOA and OA azoospermia, after that complete history, physical examination with ultarsound volume of testis and hormonal profile. Hormonal profile included: follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosteron (T) and prolactin (P) serum levels. Also karyotype and Y-deletion analysis were done and analyzed. Results: 9 OA patients (42,9%) were undergone for TESE operation and 12 NOA patients (57,1%) for Micro-TESE operation. All TESE procedures were positive (100%). Micro-TESE in 12 selected NOA patients, 5 patients (41,6%) were positive and 7 patients (58,4%) negative. Patients testicular size, serum FSH and testosterone level showed correlation in success of sperm retrieval procedures. Conclusion: TESE is elected procedure for obstructive azospermia (OA). Micro-TESE is appropriate sperm retrieval procedurec for patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) and correlate with high FSH and small volume of testis.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration in patients with bladder cancer, as well as to determine its potential role as biomarker in the differentiation of different stages of the disease. Methods: The study included 90 patients with bladder carcinoma who were divided into 3 groups: 30 patients with non-invasive, superficial (Ta), 30 patients with superficial (T1), and 30 patients with invasive (T2-T4) bladder cancer. Serum CRP level was determined by laser nephelometry. Results: Serum CRP levels in T2-T4 group of patients was 8.65 (3.20-18.20) mg/dL and significantly higher compared to the serum CRP level in Ta group of patients (1.55 (0.67 - 3,35) mg/dL; p<0.005), T1 group (1.90 (1.27-7.20) mg/dL, p=0.006) and compared to the control group of patients (1.20 (0.90-2.10) mg/dL; p<0.005). Multiple linear regression revealed that serum CRP level was independently associated with the tumor size (β = 0.376; p<0.001). There was an independent positive association between CRP and high progressing potential of the bladder cancer. Conclusion: CRP might have a significant role as a biomarkerin the diagnosis of this disease, with special attention on its potential role in differentiating different stages of the disease. Keywords: C-reactive protein, bladder cancer, biomarker, inflammation

Study design, materials and methods Between 2011-2013 we have done 30 midurethral slings (TOT) for stress urinary incontinence by self tailored polypropylene mesh. Concomitant surgeries were excluded. Sucess rate was measured in terms of overall urinary incontinence, which required a negative pad test, no urinary incontinence, a negative cough and Valsava stress test, no self reported symptoms, no retreatment for the condition. We have also asseses postoperative urge incontinence, voiding dysfunction, and adverse events

ABSTRACT Introduction: Elimination of stone is determined by size and its localization. Stone from the ureter in 80% of cases can be eliminated spontaneously. If the stone by its characteristics is not spontaneously eliminated, taken are further steps and therapeutic protocols to solve this problem. Material and methods: The study was prospective, open and comparative. It was conducted at the Urology Clinic Clinical Center of Sarajevo University in the period from 2007 to 2013. The study included 404 patients with urinary tract lithiasis treated by ESWL. ESWL treatment is performed on the machine Siemens Model Lithostar Multiline, which has a combined ultrasonographic and fluoroscopic display, large energy density in order to obtain optimum focus (without damaging surrounding tissue) and minimal pain that on rare occasions requires for mild sedation-sedation. Results: From a total of 404 patients included in the study there were 234 (57.92%) male and 170 (42.08%) female patients. The most common type of stone both in female and male patients was calcium type. From a total of 262 calcium stones, 105 of them (40.07%) was present in female patients and 157 (59.92%) in male. Share of infectious type of stone in female patients was 63 (49.60%) and 64 among males (50.39%). Other stones were less abundant in both the gender groups and their total number was only 17. In women their frequency was 2 (13.33%) and 13 among males (86.67%). There was a significant difference in the frequency of different types of stones by gender (x2 = 11.47, p = 0.009). Conclusion: There was no statistically significant correlation between the number of treatments and localization of stones in the ureter, as well as a statistically significant correlation between the size of the stone and the localization of calculus in the ureter.

Introduction: Elimination of stone is determined by size and its localization. Stone from the ureter in 80% of cases can be eliminated spontaneously. If the stone by its characteristics is not spontaneously eliminated, taken are further steps and therapeutic protocols to solve this problem. Material and methods: The study was prospective, open and comparative. It was conducted at the Urology Clinic Clinical Center of Sarajevo University in the period from 2007 to 2013. The study included 404 patients with urinary tract lithiasis treated by ESWL. ESWL treatment is performed on the machine Siemens Model Lithostar Multiline, which has a combined ultrasonographic and fluoroscopic display, large energy density in order to obtain optimum focus (without damaging surrounding tissue) and minimal pain that on rare occasions requires for mild sedation-sedation. Results: From a total of 404 patients included in the study there were 234 (57.92%) male and 170 (42.08%) female patients. The most common type of stone both in female and male patients was calcium type. From a total of 262 calcium stones, 105 of them (40.07%) was present in female patients and 157 (59.92%) in male. Share of infectious type of stone in female patients was 63 (49.60%) and 64 among males (50.39%). Other stones were less abundant in both the gender groups and their total number was only 17. In women their frequency was 2 (13.33%) and 13 among males (86.67%). There was a significant difference in the frequency of different types of stones by gender (χ2 = 11.47, p = 0.009). Conclusion: There was no statistically significant correlation between the number of treatments and localization of stones in the ureter, as well as a statistically significant correlation between the size of the stone and the localization of calculus in the ureter.