Background: Cancer remains one of the leading global public health challenges, with a growing number of patients living during and after oncological treatment. Physical activity has increasingly been recognized as an important non-pharmacological strategy in cancer prevention, treatment support, rehabilitation, and survivorship care. Objective: The aim of this review is to examine the impact of physical activity on cancer prevention, treatment-related outcomes, and quality of life among individuals diagnosed with cancer. Methods: A structured literature search was conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases. The search included studies published in English and focused on physical activity, exercise interventions, cancer prevention, cancer treatment, cancer-related fatigue, survivorship, and quality of life. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and clinical guidelines were considered. Results: Previous evidence suggests that regular physical activity is associated with a reduced risk of several cancer types, especially breast, colorectal, and endometrial cancers. During and after treatment, exercise interventions may improve physical functioning, reduce cancer-related fatigue, support mental health, and enhance health-related quality of life. Conclusion: Physical activity represents a safe and effective supportive strategy across the cancer continuum. Its integration into oncology care may contribute to prevention, better treatment tolerance, rehabilitation, and improved quality of life among cancer patients and survivors.

Exercise is increasingly positioned as an adjunct to oncology care, yet its clinical benefits and proposed antitumour mechanisms are often discussed in parallel rather than as a unified biological model. This focused mini review integrates 20 unique full-text sources spanning meta-analyses, systematic and narrative reviews, consensus guidance, and translational studies. The evidence supports a multiscale framework in which muscle contraction generates acute neuroendocrine and myokine signals, improves tumour perfusion and oxygenation, alters metabolite competition within the tumour microenvironment, mobilises cytotoxic immune cells, and preserves host muscle and functional reserve. Clinical evidence is strongest for improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, fatigue, physical function, and quality of life, whereas direct tumour control and enhancement of immunotherapy remain supported mainly by preclinical and early human mechanistic data. Important tensions include the context-dependent biology of interleukin-6, the distinction between vascular normalisation and tumour-promoting angiogenesis, the uncertain optimal exercise dose, and the risk that excessive energy expenditure may be inappropriate in severe cachexia. We propose a precision exercise oncology model that matches modality and dose to tumour phenotype, treatment phase, symptoms, physiological reserve, and dynamic monitoring. Exercise should be treated as evidence-based supportive care with plausible disease-modifying potential, not as a substitute for anticancer therapy.

Darts is a precision-based sport that requires a high level of motor control, coordination, and psychological stability. The aim of this review paper is to synthesize current scientific knowledge on the determinants of performance in darts, with a focus on motor skills, biomechanics, and psychological factors. A narrative review methodology was used, drawing from studies in motor control, sport psychology, and skill acquisition. The findings suggest that successful darts performance depends on fine motor control, movement consistency, visual–motor coordination, and mental focus. Psychological factors such as concentration, anxiety regulation, and self-confidence play a crucial role in performance under pressure. Additionally, deliberate practice and repetition are essential for skill acquisition. This review highlights the importance of integrating physical and psychological training in darts.

Kinesiology, as the scientific study of human movement, has undergone substantial conceptual and structural changes over the past decades. According to Mraković, kinesiology is defined as an empirical, experimentally based science that studies the laws, principles, and patterns of controlled and purposeful physical activity and its effects on the human organism. This definition highlights the scientific and systematic nature of the discipline. The aim of this review paper is to examine the development of kinesiology in the 21st century, with particular emphasis on its paradigm shift from a practice-oriented field toward an interdisciplinary scientific discipline. The analysis is based on foundational and contemporary literature, including empirical and systematic studies . The findings suggest that kinesiology has evolved into a comprehensive field integrating biological, social, and behavioural sciences. Modern kinesiology focuses on health, performance, and human development, addressing global challenges such as physical inactivity and chronic disease. The discipline is increasingly recognised as a central scientific framework for understanding human movement in the 21st century. The review further demonstrates that the future development of kinesiology will depend on interdisciplinary collaboration, methodological standardization, international scientific cooperation, and the integration of emerging technologies such as wearable sensors, artificial intelligence, motion analysis systems, and precision exercise medicine. These developments position kinesiology as a central scientific discipline for addressing contemporary challenges in health, human performance, and physical activity across the lifespan.

The aim of this study was to analyse technical and tactical performance indicators in the Croatian First Football League (SuperSport HNL) during the 2025/2026 competitive season. Match analysis has become an essential tool in modern football, allowing coaches, analysts, and researchers to identify performance patterns associated with successful outcomes. This study evaluated offensive and defensive parameters, possession-based indicators, passing efficiency, shots on target, expected goals (xG), pressing intensity, and situational variables related to match outcome. Data were collected from official league statistics and video analysis platforms across all league matches during the observed season. Variables included total passes, successful passes, possession percentage, shots, shots on target, expected goals, duels won, high-intensity pressing actions, recoveries in the final third, and set-piece efficiency. Descriptive statistics and inferential analyses were applied to determine differences between winning, drawing, and losing teams. The results demonstrated that winning teams achieved significantly greater passing accuracy, higher xG values, more successful high pressing sequences, and increased efficiency in transition phases. Teams positioned in the upper part of the league table also showed greater tactical compactness and offensive organization compared to lower-ranked teams. Furthermore, home teams demonstrated statistically significant advantages in ball possession and attacking efficiency. The findings contribute to the growing body of literature regarding notational analysis in elite football and provide practical implications for coaches, analysts, and performance specialists working within Croatian and European football environments.

The aim of this study was to analyse physiological and anthropometric characteristics of Croatian national football team players, with particular focus on blood lactate concentration, relative oxygen consumption, body height, body mass, body fat percentage, and playing position. The sample consisted of 17 elite football players. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed for all analysed variables. The average blood lactate concentration was 10.46 ± 1.12 mmol/L, while the average relative oxygen consumption was 60.91 ± 3.15 mL/kg/min. The players demonstrated highly developed aerobic and anaerobic capacities characteristic of elite football populations. Anthropometric and physiological profiles differed according to playing position, reflecting specific tactical and physical demands in modern football.

Healthy plantar pressure distribution beneath the feet plays a crucial role in children’s development from the very beginning, with any deviations potentially leading to various pathologic conditions. This review aims to examine recent applications of pedobarographic analysis in pediatrics applications, providing a clearer picture of current research practices and the topics being addressed. The authors conducted a comprehensive search across several scientific databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, ultimately selecting 17 studies after applying specific criteria for inclusion. The findings demonstrate that pedobarographic analysis can effectively differentiate between age and sex differences in plantar pressure and detect the influence of various risk factors in healthy children. It was found that a child’s foot health is closely linked to their physical activity level, with body fat percentage playing a significant role in pressure distribution. Furthermore, external factors like school bags and internal factors such as obesity were identified as major contributors to abnormal plantar pressure, and pedobarography proved successful in detecting these effects. The analysis also showed that pedobarography is an effective tool for assessing foot health, tracking changes, and monitoring longterm recovery or trends in children. However, the review also highlights a limitation in the scarcity of research, particularly in the areas of gait and plantar pressure in children. Only a few studies have focused on young healthy athletes, suggesting that future research could delve deeper into this population.

Basketball as a sports activity has evolved over its long history from an alternative game to a highly selective sport in which success is reserved exclusively for the most talented and capable individuals. The aim of the research was to examine the differences in the exertion of force produced on a surface for the dominant and non-dominant leg in basketball players of different levels of competition. The research was conducted on a sample of 33 subjects of senior age from three levels of basketball competition in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH). Exertion of the force exercised during the jump on a surface was obtained using the Gyko System and Opto Jump. The “Single leg jump” test procedure was used. It is concluded that 30-50% of the variables have a statistically significant difference, which partially indicates the existence of statistically significant differences in the exertion of force in the dominant and non-dominant leg. The biggest difference in the dominant and non-dominant leg was detected in subjects of the A1 League (3 out of 6 variables). The smallest difference was detected in the subjects of the A2 League (no statistically significant difference was detected in any variable). Subjects in the Premier League showed a difference in 2 of 6 variables (flight time and jump height). The results obtained indicate that regular practice with both legs, both in the game and in training, will help players become balanced and efficient in all aspects of the game. Based on these results, it is possible to construct test batteries that will provide quality information necessary for planning and programming in basketball.

A research study was conducted on a sample of 110 male and female participants aged 11 and 12 years (±1.2 years) to compare two different methods for identifying spinal deformities. The aim was to determine which of the two methods is better and more applicable in practical school conditions. The methods compared were Napoleon Wolanski's method with 8 variables and the 3D method from Contemplas GmbH TEMPLO General Motion, assessed with a total of 11 variables. By analyzing the table of central dispersion parameters of body posture according to Napoleon Wolanski's method, the participants were classified into 5 groups based on the results. Participants with scores up to 8 points were considered to have good posture, while those with scores from 9 to 16 points were treated as having poor posture. The research revealed that a total of 66 out of 110 participants had poor posture, accounting for 60%. Results from the Contemplas method showed deviations from proper posture in almost all variables. The analysis indicated significant deviations in shoulder rotation, pelvic rotation, sagittal distances, and flexion/extension variables. Overall, the results demonstrated a high prevalence of body deformities in 11- and 12-year-old students. Analyzing the results of both methods for determining body deformities, it can be confidently stated that the frequency of body deformities in students aged 11 and 12 is significantly high. Napoleon Wolanski's method identified that 60% of participants had some form of spinal deformity, while the Contemplas method showed more pronounced results, with some variables indicating deformations in 80-85% of participants. Despite providing more detailed information about students' posture, the Contemplas method is less applicable in practical school conditions due to its significant cost. Therefore, Napoleon Wolanski's method remains indispensable in school settings.

The aim of the study was to determine the differences in the level of fat, sugar and body structure based on the level of functional abilities. The sample of respondents are students of the University of Bihać who also completed the shuttle run test (BEEPT). T-test for independent samples revealed the existence of statistically significant differences between the arithmetic means of the two groups of subjects for (AMAS, p = 0 .011), (BMI p = 0 .000), (FAT%, p = 0.000), (FMKG p) = 0.000). A statistically significant difference was also found in the variable triglycerides (TRIGL p = 0.019), while in the other variables no statistically significant difference was found in the two groups of subjects in favor of subjects who had better results in functional abilities. The coefficient of discriminant canonical correlation is (0.512), as is Wilks lambda, (0.738), which indicates very high discrimination between groups (sig. 000). The greatest contribution to the formation of the discriminatory function was given by the variables FMKG - .801, FATPR -.760, BMI - .707, AMAS - .390, TRIGL - .358, HOLE - .235. The centroids of the groups show a large distance between the results of the groups because they are located at both ends of the coordinate system. The first group consists of positive results of a total of 7 variables, which means that the respondents of the first group had significantly better results in these variables. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the increase in cholesterol triglycerides and some parameters of body structure affected the level of health status as well as body composition in students.