<p>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a chronic microvascular complication of diabetes. Due to the dramatic increase in the number of diabetes cases, the prevalence of DR has also risen, making it the leading cause of blindness among the working-age population worldwide, despite the availability of screenings and modern therapeutic options. Risk factors for the development and progression of DR (duration of diabetes, hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and genetic factors) have been investigated in numerous epidemiological studies and clinical researches, but the research results were not consistent. In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the study of dyslipidemia in diabetes as one of the factors that could influence the onset and progression of DR, as well as apolipoproteins as potentially better biomarkers for DR. The results of our research also point in that direction. Identifying the risk factors for DR is crucial for enabling adequate prevention and raising awareness among individuals with diabetes about the importance of taking appropriate measures to prevent this microvascular complication.</p>

Abstract Surgical treatment and formation of a stoma can be lifesaving for colorectal cancer patients. However, the quality of life is often impaired in patients with stoma. The goal of this study is to determine the quality of life of patients with stoma and cancer, and the relationship between the quality of life and characteristics of these patients. The study was conducted from 2018 to 2020 and included a total of 64 patients of both sexes with colorectal cancer and temporary or permanent stoma. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer with Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQC29-30) and the anonymous WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire SF-36 were used for self-assessment of quality of life. Our study included 39 (61.0%) men and 25 (39.0%) women. 24 patients (37.5%) had colostomy, 14 patients (21.9%) had ileostomy, and 26 patients (40.6%) underwent surgery for resection of colorectal cancer without stoma. A significant number of women were in the group of patients with a permanent stoma (p = 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in the assessment of general health (p = 0.680) and quality of life (p = 0.721) during the past month in relation to gender. Patients without a stoma rated their general health better compared to those with stoma and the difference reached statistical significance (p = 0.035). There was no statistically significant difference in the assessment of quality of life between the group of patients with stoma and without stoma, as well as between the patients of different age groups. Patients with stoma rated their general health as worse, but not their quality of life.

Introduction. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is considered the reference diagnostic method for quantifying right ventricular size and function, and pulmonary regurgitation in patients with tetralogy of Fallot surgery. The aim of this paper is to confirm the importance of magnetic resonance continuous postoperative monitoring of right and left heart function parameters as a diagnostic method that provides the most precise and accurate assessment. Methods. The prospective observational study included subjects with TOF surgery who were diagnosed with residual morphological and/or functional disorders on control postoperative echocardiographic examinations. All subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the heart on a 1.5 T scanner with dedicated coils for the heart surface according to the standard protocol for a period of one year from the beginning of the study. Criteria for exclusion from the study were: significant residual pulmonary stenosis, condition after pulmonary valve replacement, existence of residual shunt lesions, contraindications for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (pacemaker, ICD, claustrophobia). Depending on the time elapsed since the tetralogy of Fallot surgery, the subjects were divided into groups: more than 15 years, 11-15 years, 6-10 years, less than 5 years. Results. The study included 131 subjects with an average age of 24.18 ± 11.57 years with complete correction of TOF. Intergroup differences in values of right ventricular end-diastolic volume, right ventricular ejection fraction, and left ventricular ejection fraction were demonstrated, but there was no statistically significant intergroup difference in values of pulmonary regurgitation fraction. The negative interaction of the right and left ventricles intensifies during the years of follow-up of patients after TOF surgery, which is especially true fifteen years after surgery. Conclusion. CMR has the most significant role in research efforts aimed at improving the outcomes of operated patients with tetralogy of Fallot.

Paraovarian cysts originate from the mesothelium and are presumed to be remnants of M?llerian or Wolffian ducts. In majority of cases they are found to be 10-80 mm in diameter and do not cause any symptoms. Paraovarian cysts can be found unexpectedly during an operation or on ultrasound examination performed for other reasons. They are most freequently discovered on ultrasound examination. However, due to the proximity of the ovary for which cystic formations are not rare, the diagnosis of these lesions can be a challenge. They are mostly asymptomatic and only large lesions (?20 cm in diameter) become symptomatic. Although these are mostly benign tumors, in rare cases they can become borderline or true malignancies. Most paraovarian cysts are found in the third and fourth decade of life. Paraovarian cyst complications include: compression of the surrounding structures of the pelvis minor and abdomen, pelvic pain, cyst torsion and rupture. Except for the already mensioned complications available literature has so far failed to show cases of uterine prolapse caused by an increase of intra-abdominal pressure due to the expansive growth of giant paraovarian cystic formation.

Miokarditis je ograniceno ili difuzno zapaljenje srcanog misica koje možebiti posljedica infekcije (virusi, bakterije, gljivice, rikecije, paraziti, protozoe)ili je neinfektivne prirode (sistemske bolesti, metabolicke bolesti, toksini).Postoje i miokarditisi kod kojih se etioloski faktor ne može utvrditi i svrstavajuse u grupu idiopatskih miokarditisa. Klinicka slika zavisi od intenzitetazapaljenskog procesa i topografskog rasporeda lezija pa varira od blagogoblika do teskog malignog karditisa sa razvojem srcane insuficijencije i fatalnimishodom u toku nekoliko dana. Mirovanje se preporucuje kao osnovnaterapijska mjera kod svih bolesnika sa sumnjom na miokarditis. Ukolikopostoje znaci srcane insuficijencije obavezno se uvodi antikongestivnaterapija diureticima, vazodilatatorima, digitalisom, a ako ova terapija nijeuspjesna neophodno je primijeniti inotropne lijekove (dobutamin ili inhibitorifosfodiesteraze) u intravenskoj infuziji. Poremecaji ritma kod bolesnikasa miokarditisom zahtjevaju sto hitniju terapiju odgovarajucim antiaritmicima.U lijecenju najtežih, fulminantnih, oblika miokarditisa danas se koristeimunoglubulini u visokim dozama i kortikosteroidi. Akutni perikarditisje zapaljenje perikarda koje odlikuje bol u grudima, perikardijalno trenje iserijske elektrokardiografske promjene. Svijest o ovoj bolesti se povecalazbog uvođenja neinvazivnih dijagnostickih tehnika, kao sto su ehokardiografija,CT skeniranje i kardijalna magnetna rezonanca (CMRI). Bolest možebiti teska i cak smrtonosna, posebno kod djece na imunosupresivnoj terapiji.Uzrocnik se može identifikovati iz perikardijalne tecnosti kulturom iliosjetljivijim testovima (PCR) ili iz uzoraka perikardijalne biopsije.

Introduction. Deja vu (franc. Déjà vu) is a phenomenon experienced by two thirds of all people. However, this phenomenon can follow aura during the temporal lobe epilepsy. It is believed that it originates from hippocampus, which plays a major role in generating epileptic discharges. Some authors emphasize that in these patients déjà vu phenomenon is not an aura but rather it sometimes refers to the attack itself. Method. In this case report, an eightyear-old girl suffering from repeated crisis of consciousness is described. Case report. The aim of the study was to present the case of an eightyearold girl who underwent three crisis of consciousness, headache behind the forehead as well as the repeated déjà vu phenomenon. The girl was hospitalized, after which medical history was taken and physical examination, as well as other diagnostic tests, were performed. EEG recording revealed an increased electrocortical epileptic activity above the right frontotemporal region. An antiepileptic therapy (Karbapin) leading to attack control was introduced. Conclusion. It is necessary to give temporal lobe epilepsy in children with déjà vu phenomenon serious consideration.

Uvod. Vec viđeno (franc. deja vu) je fenomen koji doživi dvije trecine svihljudi. Međutim, ovaj fenomen se može javiti i u sklopu aure kod temporalnelobarne epilepsije. Smatra se da u njegovom nastanku veliku ulogu imahipokampus, odakle poticu pražnjenja kod ovog tipa epilepsije. Neki autorismatraju da kod ovih pacijenata deja vu fenomen nije aura vec ponekadmože znaciti napad sâm po sebi.Metod. U ovom prikazu slucaja je opisana osmogodisnja djevojcica sa ponovljenimkrizama svijesti.Prikaz bolesnika . Cilj ovog rada je bio prikazati slucaj osmogodisnje djevojcicekoja je imala tri krize svijesti, glavobolju u ceonom dijelu i deja vufenomen u vise navrata. Djevojcici je po prijemu uzeta anamneza, urađenfizikalni pregled i ostale dijagnosticke pretrage. Na ucinjenom EEG snimkunađena je povecana elektrokortikalna epilepticka aktivnost iznad desnefrontotemporalne regije. U terapiju su ukljuceni antiepilepticki lijekovi(karbapin) koja dovodi do kontrole napada.Zakljucak. Potrebno je misliti na temporalnu lobarnu epilepsiju kod djecekoja imaju deja vu fenomene.

Myocarditis is a limited or diffuse inflammation of the heart muscle, the cause of which might be infectious (viruses, bacteria, fungi, rickettsiae, parasites, protozoas) or non-infectious (systemic diseases, metabolic diseases, toxins). There are types of myocarditis the etiological factor of which cannot be determined and therefore are classified into the group of idiopathic myocarditis. The clinical picture depends on the intensity of the inflammatory process and the lesion topography, varying from a mild form of the disease to severe malignant myocarditis followed by the development of cardiac insufficiency as well as by fatal outcome within a few days. Resting is recommended as the basic method of therapy in all of the patients with suspected myocarditis. If there are signs and symptoms of cardiac insufficiency, an anticongestive therapy must be introduced (diuretics, vasodilators, digitalis). If the conventional therapy does not produce the desired results, it is necessary to introduce continuous intravenous inotropes (dobutamine or phosphodiesterase inhibitors). Rhythm disorders in patients with myocarditis require an appropriate antiarrhythmic drug therapy that should be given as soon as possible. Acute pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium characterized by chest pain, pericardial friction rub, and serial electrocardiogram (ECG) changes. Awareness of the disease has increased due to the introduction of noninvasive diagnostic techniques such as echocardiography, CT scanning, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) . The disease can be severe and even lethal, especially in immunosuppressed children. The disease causative agent can usually be identified from the pericardial fluid by culture or more sensitive tests (e.g. polymerase chain reaction - PCR or from pericardial biopsy samples).

One of the most famous British fashion houses, Burberry, opened its second largest store in North America, in Chicago, on November 29th. Even though the Chicago flagship isn’t quite on the scale of their newly relaunched one in London, it has been a memorable experience for the Chicagoans. Five stories tall store’s opening was celebrated…

After series of successful vehicles, Italian car manufacturers, Fiat, presented another model on this year’s L.A. Auto Show, the new version of their famous hatchback makes a difference because it’s electric. Fiat 500e is company’s first electric city car and even thou it is quite similar to their previous 500 model, some exchanges had to…