Introduction Scott Aarskog syndrome is an X-linked disorder characterised by short stature, hypertelorism, shawl scrotum in boys and brachydactyly. Syndrome is a genetic abnormality and the condition cannot be cured by optimal way. Aims The aim of this paper is to describe an extremely rare syndrome especially with mild mental retardation. Methods In two cases, the twin brothers and cousins girls where genetically established Scott Aarskog syndrome were made IQ tests in relation to the age of the children. Normally at this syndrome is very rare mental retardation. Results Boys with Scott Aarskog syndrome have had a rounded face with a broad forehead, but girls has no had. IQ test results showed that the twins, seven years old had IQ 69 or 71, a girl six years ald girl cousin 78. Affected twin brothers also have an abnormally long groove in the upper lip or philtrum and a broad nasal bridge. Tissue webbing between fingers and joint hypermobility with a pronounced hyperextension, flexion of the interphalangeal joints and brachydactyly in girl and both boys. The major signs of this X-linked condition are short stature. Musculoskeletal anomalies such as cervical vertebral anomalies, discrete spina bifida occulta, mild pectus excavatum, milder genu recurvatum, moderate joint restriction were presented in all three children relatives. Conclusions The prognosis of this disease is very bad with something shorter life, reduced everyday abilities for regular jobs, and in this case less severe retardation with disabilities to attend regular school and obtaining the title of the working capacity. Usually IQ in children is normal so this is a rare case that still occurs in Scott Aarskog syndrome.

Background Examples of semi-contact sports include karate and its benefite influence on asthma in childhood. Specific treatment for asthma will be determined by pediatrician based on children age, overall health, medical history, extent of the disease, tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies and expectations for the course of the disease. Aims A target of this article is showing benefit of karate training in preschool ages on asthma management and course of disease. Methods To verify the efficacy of karate on asthma, a complex psychomotor activity that enhances pulmonary capacity and lungs volume, and breathing regulations, as an intervention for asthma curing, ten children with asthma, ranging in age from five to seven years, and meeting diagnostic criteria for children asthma disorder were studied during two years period 2010–2011. Results A higher prevalence of asthma has been reported in athletes specially in karate clubs for younger children but with better control of asthma. Risk ofasthma decreased with number of years of training (odds ratio 2.02; 95% confidence interval 1.60–3.03; p<0.0001), number of hours per week (odds ratio 1.74; CI 1.11–2.21; p=0.015) and rank, specifically brown green belt versus lower belts (odds ratio 3.53; CI 2.82–6.28; p=0.007). Conclusions Karate is a relatively safe sport for preschool children and younger schoolers when properly taught and optimize for asthma management. These training principles are perhaps most useful early in a children patient’s course when the setting of appropriate expectations is important in minimizing restrictions from treatment and karate activity.

Background The most common illness caused by parvovirus B19 infection is ‘fifth disease’, a mild rash illness that occurs most often in children. The infection often results in no obvious illness. It commonly infects children and typically causes a mild rash that may resemble a “slapped-cheek”. Other symptoms that can occur include joint pain (arthralgia), fever and general flu-like symptoms. Methods Children who are at risk of severe parvovirus complications might benefit from blood tests that can help determine if they’re immune to parvovirus or if they’ve recently become infected. Most cases of slapped cheek syndrome diagnosed by making a visual examination of the distinctive rash. No further testing was usually required in children during three years period 2009–2011 in capital town of Bosnia, Sarajevo. Results Parvovirus infection in children with anemia may stop the production of red blood cells and cause an anemia crisis. Children with severe anemia may need to be hospitalized and receive blood transfusions. Percentage of hospitalized of parvivirus infections in children with anaemia is 19% in Bosnian preschool children, what is only less 1% of complications in this disease. Conclusions Fifth disease can cause fetal anemia, which if undetected can have severe consequences. Several days after the appearance of early symptoms, a distinctive bright red facial rash may appear usually on both cheeks. In most children, parvovirus infection is mild and requires little treatment. Slapped cheek is actually the Parvovirus B19 that only affects humans, especially younger children.