Introduction: dermatoscopy is a non-invasive technique which allows us to explore and evaluate the structures of the epidermis, the dermo-epidermal junction and the papillary dermal layer in vivo. Cognition of the specific diagnostic patterns lead to a right clue and proper diagnosis suggestion. Dermatoscopy depends on the timely correct recognizing of dermatoscopic findings and features and is therefore terminated and limited by time input and by experience of a physician. Dermatoscopy gained a great role in general dermatology with its importance in early diagnostics of a malignant melanoma and has become a valuable tool for the diagnosis of a various infectious and inflammatory diseases, nail pigmentations, hair abnormalities and scalp disorders including ectoparasitic infestations, cutaneous/ mucosal infections, psoriasis. Patients and methods: investigations are provided by dermatoscopy equipment – Dermatoscope MoleMax II. Our study included 791 patients (490 women and 301 men), in which we recorded a total of 1670 lesions in the period from May 9, to May 13, 2011. Results: from the total number of lesions analyzed there were 944 melanocytic and 726 nonmelanocytic lesions. Within melanocytic lesions, histopathology confirmed 9 malignant melanomas. From nonmelanocytic lesions present were: seborrheic keratosis 307, actinic keratoses (precancerosis) 118, hemangiomas 77 and bacocelular skin cancer BCC 68. Discussion: dermatoscopy is a method of epiluminiscent microscopy that in the analysis of tumor skin changes has completely replaced the standard magnifying glass. Credibility of dermatoscopy is going from 70-90% and the dermatoscopy became an indispensable diagnostic tool in the analysis of tumor changes on the skin. Conclusion: the dermatoscopy is valuable tool in diagnostics of variety of skin disorders in the field of general dermatology.

Introduction: Basal and squamous cell carcinomas are often grouped together and referred to as non-melanoma skin cancer. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer. Basal cell skin cancer occurs on the face,nose, scalp, ears, hands, shoulders and back. Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common type of skin malignancy. They are most often found on the face especially lower lip. Material and methods: The retrospective study included all patients by whom BCC was diagnosed during the period from January 1996 till December 2000 in Dermatology Department Clinical Center University of Sarajevo. Results: Number of BCC was 188. Male 98, female 90. Localization of BCC on the body in percents: upper lip: 8%, neck: 5%, trunk: 4%, hands: 7%, face: 76%. Representation of BCC on face: cheeks: 51, nose: 47, temporal region: 18, forhead: 17, periocular region:7, upper lip: 3. All of the patients were x-rays treated and cured without any failure, with one incident of radiodermatitis and one apparation of recurrences. Discussion: The prognosis for patients with BCC is excellent, with a 100% survival rate for cases that have not spread to other sites. Nevertheless, if BCC is allowed to progress, it can result in significant morbidity, and cosmetic disfigurement is common. Conclusion: The choice of therapeutic method depend on size, location, clinical type of BCC, age, general condition and attitude of the patient. Therapeutic methods can be surgery excision, cryosurgery, electrosurgery, radiotherapy and local cytostatics. Radiotherapy is indicated when BCC localization is inconvenient for surgical excision and it gives great results.

UNLABELLED Atopic dermatitis (i.e) Atopic eczema is a long-lasting skin disease with known hereditary component. Blood tests, especially IgE antibodies whose levels are often high in AD, are helpful. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the clinical symptoms and the level of the IgE antibodies in atopic dermatitis patients, depending on their age. METHODOLOGY A retrospective study was conducted for the period between 2005 and 2010 and included were all the patients (62) in whom the AD was diagnosed. The results showed that the IgE level was highest in the patient group from 16-25 years and also seen was the tendency of IgE decreasing level correlated to increasing patient age.

Primary skin melanoma and skin cancers have been more prevalent in the previous decades and therefore have become a very significant public health problem. Dermatologists of the Skin and Venereal Diseases Clinic of the University of Sarajevo Clinics Centre initiated the first public preventive action called "Days of Fighting Melanoma" in May 2008. The objective of the campaign was to provide free dermatological examinations to all volunteers and to inform, through the media, wider population on early signs and recognition of skin cancer and the importance of sun protection. The total of 325 citizens were examined clinically and with dermatoscope in the period between 5 and 31 May 2008. The examination also included histological diagnoses: 7 patients with confirmed melanoma, 30 with basal cell carcinoma and 2 with spinocellular carcinoma. The results suggested a need for the expansion of the campaign to other towns in our country in order to demonstrate the importance of early detection of the disease and treatment options.

Recent evidence suggests that the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is present in skin. The real value of the determination of ACE activity as a clinical-biochemistry test for the diagnosis of psoriasis has not been attained. Serum and tissue ACE were measured in 60 patients with psoriasis, 20 patients with lichen planus, 20 patients with seborrhoic dermatitis and in 20 healthy individuals. The serum and tissue ACE activity was determined before and after therapy, using the spectrophotometric method and hippuryl-l-histidyl-l-leucine as a substrate. The results showed that serum ACE activity before therapy was significantly increased in both groups--patients with psoriasis (p < 0.001) and patients with lichen planus (p < 0.001) in comparison to healthy individuals. However, there were no significant differences in serum ACE activity among patients with seborrhoic dermatitis and healthy individuals. After therapy, serum ACE activity significantly decreased in both groups of patients with psoriasis and patients with lichen planus comparing it to the level found in the control group. The values in both were similar. The tissue ACE activity in altered skin was significantly increased only in the patients with psoriasis in comparison to uninvolved skin of these patients, as well as the skin of healthy individuals. After therapy, there were no significant differences in tissue ACE activity between the treated skin and the healthy skin. In conclusion, determination of tissue angiotensin converting enzyme activity can be used in the differential diagnostic of indistinct clinical forms of psoriasis.

In 15 years period (1989 - 2004) we have treated at our Clinic a total of 101 patients diagnosed with erythema nodosum which makes 2.9% of the total number of patients treated in this period. In order to explore correlation between dermatological and lung diseases we applied statistical analysis with respect to number, sex, age and irregularities occurring on the skin surface. Female patients dominated with 96 of them (95.6%) in the group, while only five patients were male (4.3%). This makes 22 : 1 scale in favor of female patients, as opposed to usual 5:1 ratio. Similar predominance (86%) was found in the study conducted by Mert and Gurkan (1.2). Average age of the patients was 41.6 years, which is slightly higher than the average of 18 and 34. The youngest patient was 17 and oldest 77.

Dermatoscopy, also known as dermoscopy, is a noninvasive, in vivo technique for the diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions. It improves the diagnostic accuracy for melanoma compared with examination with the unaided eye but only for experienced observers who have been specifically trained. In November 2007, for the first time, a dermatoscopy course took place in Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herzegovina. The interactive course covered all aspects of modern dermatoscopy and was well received by the participants.

Regardless of method used, dermoscopy improves diagnostic procedures for the pigmentation skin changes, but only for the experienced examiners. That is why the adequate training is of outmost importance. Dermoscopy is excellent method for detecting melanomas at the earliest stage. This technique is not used to monitor nerves, but to detect melanomas at early stage. Follow-up is not an indication for one suspicious lesion. That kind of lesions should be removed. In case of patient with many typical lesions, excision of this entire lesion is not feasible. Instead of that, we use follow-up with clinical imaging, as well as digital dermoscope imaging, which once again depend on patient’s priority, as well as doctors estimate and patient consent.