This paper emphasizes an importance of the document from 1725, which was so far neglected in the historiography of the Bosnian medieval tombstones - stećci. It is a report written after the establishment of the border between the Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire as a result of the Treaty of Passarowitz in 1718. Although very brief, this document undoubtedly indicates the existence of a necropolis of stećci-tombstones in Bijeljina, or its immediate vicinity, as well as in the area of the settlement of Kobaš on banks of the river Sava. After the mention of stećci in the travelogue of Benedikt Kuripešić in 1530, these data represent the second oldest mention of these medieval tombstones in written sources, and per se deserve attention. There are indications that the monuments mentioned in this report, or at least some of them, could be linked to those stećci that were ‘’sensationaly’’ discovered in 2002 at the foundations of the demolished Atik mosque in Bijeljina. Keywords: stećci-tombstones, Bijeljina, Bosna, Sava, Treaty of Passarowitz, Habsburg Monarchy, Ottoman Empire, Vlachs, Kobaš
U višestoljetnom razvoju parlamentarizma i predstavničke demokratije parlamenti su predstavljali ključne institucije borbe za demokratiju i ljudska prava. Uloga parlamenata je posebno značajna u zemljama postsocijalističke tranzicije koje nemaju dugu demokratsku tradiciju. Parlamentarna skupština Bosne i Hercegovine čini centralnu instituciju predstavničke/parlamentarne demokratije u Bosni i Hercegovini. Osobina neposredne povezanosti parlamenta i građana instituciji Parlamentarne skupštine Bosne i Hercegovine daje poseban i veći demokratski značaj od drugih institucija političke vlasti. Iskustva drugih država pokazuju da su za upostavljanje i funkcionisanje demokratskog i uticajnog parlamenta potrebne odgovarajuće društveno-ekonomske, političke i kulturne pretpostavke, kao što su: društvena homogenost u pogledu temeljnih vrijednosti, razvijeno civilno društvo, te odgovarajući stepen konsenzusa i integralnosti unutar paralementarnih stranačkih elita. U kojoj mjeri je Parlamentarna skupština Bosne i Hercegovine učinkovita u ostvarivanju predstavničke i nadzorne funkcije? Kako ostvaruje funkciju legitimnosti i učinkovitosti u donošenju zakona i rješavanju društvenih konflikata? Da li je Parlamentarna skupština Bosne i Hercegovine kao najviši zakonodavni organ stvarni nosilac parlamentarne suverenosti? Kakva su iskustva razvoja parlamentarizma i predstavničke demokratije u postdejtonskom političkom razvoju države Bosne i Hercegovine? To su osnovna pitanja koja su predmet elaboracije u ovom radu. Obzirom da političke institucije oblikuju i političku kulturu, cilj ovog rada je i dopuniti određene prijedloge za izmjenu izbornog zakonodavstva kako bi Parlamentarna skupština Bosne i Hercegovine učinkovitije ostvarivala ustavne nadležnosti i svoju demokratsku funkciju.
The paper deals with the analysis of feminists' arguments about the sex/gender dichotomy within the relationship to trans activism. In the first part of the paper, we will give the usual definitions of sex and gender in feminist literature and the views of feminists on trans activism. Next, we will explain which trans activists' views feminists disagree with, and how language is used for ideological purposes. The aim of this paper is to identify the basic dilemmas and bioengineering associated with the underestimation of biological sex, that is, with the opinion of trans activists that men who are trans women are also women. The author will explain why feminists believe that this approach to the sex/ gender dichotomy is a threat to women's rights in the society.
U ovom radu bavit ću se pitanjem pozicioniranja muslimanskih rezolucija u savremenom kontekstu nenasilnog otpora tokom Holokausta. U studijama genocida pitanje nenasilnog otpora često se koristi kao pozitivan primjer pojedinaca koji su se suprotstavili počiniocima zločina. Fenomen muslimanskih rezolucija se, uz odgovarajući historijski kontekst, može smatrati jednim od najboljih primjera nenasilnog otpora na teritorijama okupirane Evrope. Bez želje da se uspostavlja mit o jedinstvenosti, jer postoji bezbroj drugih primjera hrabrosti širom Evrope, ove rezolucije se ipak mogu posmatrati kao zaseban fenomen. Odlikovao ih je organizovaniji kvaziinstitucionalni karakter s ciljem ne samo osuđivanja zločina i ograđivanja od njih nego i ukazivanja na stradanja vlastitog naroda. Ujedno, imale su veliki značaj i u poslijeratnom periodu u Jugoslaviji, naročito za pitanje nacionalne afirmacije Muslimana. Uvažavajući značaj ovih rezolucija za šire evropsko pamćenje Holokausta, potrebno ih je učiniti dostupnim stranoj publici. U vezi s tim, Institut za islamsku tradiciju Bošnjaka, u saradnji s američkim Univerzitetom Shenandoah, pokrenuo je 2020. godine istraživački projekat pripreme publikacije s ciljem populariziranja muslimanskih rezolucija. U ovom radu nastojat ću ponuditi adekvatan odgovor na pitanje gdje smjestiti muslimanske rezolucije u savremenim kontekstima u odnosu prema stranoj publici.
Multiple socio-political and economic factors have grad-ually led to widespread neglect, decline, misuse, and loss of public spaces in Sarajevo. The clash between private and public interests has left physical traces in the city, recalling the importance of Lefebvre’s notion of the right to the city. In the context of the contemporary urban development of Sarajevo, this is translated into the right to shape, use, recycle, and reactivate the city’s neglected shared spaces. As implied by the title of this article, the key question addressed is to whom public space really belongs. This research proceeds from the identification of the key issues of degradation of public spaces, followed by the valorization of mainstream planning approaches and occasional bottom-up initiatives. It is argued that one of the key origins of the problem lies in dispersal and the lack of pertinent geospatial data on public spaces, as well as in the dissonance between all the relevant stakeholders. This article establishes a methodology for introducing a comprehensive, open, and interactive geospatial database as a platform for strategic planning, design, development, and maintenance of urban public spaces.
: Secure remote user authentication is an authentication technique in which the remote server authorizes the identity of the user through an insecure communication network. Since then diverse remote user authentication schemes have been proposed, but each category has its advantages and disadvantages. Besides its strength and weakness, remote user authentication systems have a great impact on real-time applications such as E-health applications, telemedicine applications, Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud, and Multi-server applications. The implementation of the Tele Medicine Information System (TMIS) over public networks continues to disclose confidential information to unauthorized entities. Similarly, remote user authentication techniques have become essential in accelerating IoT as well. Security is a major concern in IoT because it allows secure access to remote services. Cloud computing services and a Multi-server environment share data among different end-users through the internet which also needs security as its paramount concern. Although intensive efforts were made in designing remote user authentication scheme for health care, IoT, Multi-server and cloud applications, the majority of these applications suffers either from security attacks or lagging of critical features. This paper presents an analytical and comprehensive survey of various remote user authentication techniques and categorizes them based on different applications. Furthermore, the state of art recent remote user authentication techniques have been compared, their advantages, key features, computational cost, storage cost, and communication cost are highlighted.
The environment in which the decision-making process takes place is often characterized by uncertainty and vagueness and, because of that, sometimes it is very hard to express the criteria weights with crisp numbers. Therefore, the application of the Grey System Theory, i.e., grey numbers, in this case, is very convenient when it comes to determination of the criteria weights with partially known information. Besides, the criteria weights have a significant role in the multiple criteria decision-making process. Many ordinary multiple criteria decision-making methods are adapted for using grey numbers, and this is the case in this article as well. A new grey extension of the certain multiple criteria decision-making methods for the determination of the criteria weights is proposed. Therefore, the article aims to propose a new extension of the Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) and PIvot Pairwise Relative Criteria Importance Assessment (PIPRECIA) methods adapted for group decision-making. In the proposed approach, attitudes of decision-makers are transformed into grey group attitudes, which allows taking advantage of the benefit that grey numbers provide over crisp numbers. The main advantage of the proposed approach in relation to the use of crisp numbers is the ability to conduct different analyses, i.e., considering different scenarios, such as pessimistic, optimistic, and so on. By varying the value of the whitening coefficient, different weights of the criteria can be obtained, and it should be emphasized that this approach gives the same weights as in the case of crisp numbers when the whitening coefficient has a value of 0.5. In addition, in this approach, the grey number was formed based on the median value of collected responses because it better maintains the deviation from the normal distribution of the collected responses. The application of the proposed approach was considered through two numerical illustrations, based on which appropriate conclusions were drawn.
Blockchain technology has received more and more attention from all walks of life and has also been sought after by the market and financial institutions. More and more financial institutions and Internet companies have begun to participate in the research of blockchain technology. The application scenarios are also constantly expanding, and the landing in the financial field is the focus of all social concerns. This article takes Agricultural Bank as an example, analyzes its current advantages and disadvantages in using blockchain technology, and proposes policy recommendations based on this to provide a reference for joint-stock commercial banks to better use blockchain technology to improve business performance. Based on the theoretical analysis, this article studies the use of blockchain technology by joint-stock commercial banks, and selects Agricultural Bank, which has a well-developed financial technology in joint-stock commercial banks, as a case study. From the operating background of the agricultural bank and the cross-border payment and settlement business, the background begins with the agricultural bank's own business practices in blockchain technology and the traditional cross-border business and the innovative development of agricultural bank's blockchain technology, and then the application of event analysis to the application effects of agricultural bank's blockchain technology analysis. This paper analyzes the SWOT-PEST of the agricultural bank's use of blockchain technology, combined with the theoretical analysis of blockchain technology in this article, comprehensively analyzes the agricultural bank's use of blockchain technology in four aspects: policy, economy, society, and technology. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges. Through analysis, we can have a comprehensive view on the application of blockchain technology by Agricultural Bank, and based on this, we can summarize the problems that Agricultural Bank may have in applying blockchain technology. Through the analysis of the blockchain, we can see that the growth rate of agricultural bank's net profit was higher in 2013 and 2014. Finally, the article puts forward suggestions for the development of agricultural bank under the blockchain technology.
This paper presents new records and noteworthy data on the following taxa in SE Europe and adjacent regions: diatom alga Stauroneis neofossilis, parasitic fungus Anthracoidea arenariae, horsetail Equisetum hyemale, liverwort Harpanthus flotovianus, mosses Fissidens exilis and Rhizomnium punctatum, monocots Epipactis helleborine subsp. orbicularis, Himantoglossum calcaratum subsp. rumelicum and Schoenus nigricans and dicots Calluna vulgaris, Mahonia aquifolium and Willemetia stipitata subsp. albanica.
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