An analysis workflow has been developed to assess energy deposition and material damage for ITER vertical displacement events (VDEs) and major disruptions (MD). This paper describes the use of this workflow to assess the melt damage to be expected during unmitigated current quench (CQ) phases of VDEs and MDs at different points in the ITER research plan. The plasma scenarios are modeled using the DINA code with variations in plasma current I p, disruption direction (upwards or downwards), Be impurity density n Be, and diffusion coefficient χ. Magnetic field line tracing using SMITER calculates time-dependent, 3D maps of surface power density q ⊥ on the Be-armored first wall panels (FWPs) throughout the CQ. MEMOS-U determines the temperature response, macroscopic melt motion, and final surface topology of each FWP. Effects of Be vapor shielding are included. Scenarios at the baseline combination of I p and toroidal field (15 MA/5.3 T) show the most extreme melt damage, with the assumed n Be having a strong impact on the disruption duration, peak q ⊥ and total energy deposition to the first wall. The worst-cases are upward 15 MA VDEs and MDs at lower values of n Be, with q ⊥,max = 307 MW m−2 and maximum erosion losses of ∼2 mm after timespans of ∼400–500 ms. All scenarios at 5 MA avoided melt damage, and only one 7.5 MA scenario yields a notable erosion depth of 0.25 mm. These results imply that disruptions during 5 MA, and some 7.5 MA, operating scenarios will be acceptable during the pre-fusion power operation phases of ITER. Preliminary analysis shows that localized melt damage for the worst-case disruption should have a limited impact on subsequent stationary power handling capability.

Background: The need to reduce pollution emissions in the operating room and to reduce treatment costs motivates more frequent use of general anaesthesia with a small or minimal fresh gas flow rate. Nevertheless, the reduction of the delivery of fresh gases should not influence the quality and safety of the anaesthesia. Aim: Compare the effect of general anesthesia of low flow and high flow of gases on haemodynamic stability and the depth of sleep of patients.Material and methods: A total of 100 patients were included in the study. The first group will consist of patients who are introduced into general anesthesia of high flow and the second group of patients in general low-flow anesthesia. For the purpose of the study, shorter operations will be selected for up to 2 hours. In all patients the bispectral index (BIS), heart rate, blood pressure, end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration and haemoglobin oxygen saturation were monitored.Results: Heart rate (HR) and haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SaO2) were similar in both groups and the differences between them were statistically insignificant. There is a statistically significant difference in both systolic and diastolic pressure between the two groups. In the high-flow group, the systolic and diastolic pressure values were higher than in the low-flow group. The BIS values were similar in both groups and indicated that patients who underwent low-flow anaesthesia were not exposed to a higher risk of awakening during the procedure than the high-flow anaesthesia patients.Conclusions: Use of both, low-flow and high-flow rate general anaesthesia provide patients adequate sleep depth and haemodynamic stability.

ObjectiveThe objective was to examine correlations between a level of cognitive functioning and severity of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression symptoms and anxiety symptoms.Subjects and Methods  PTSD presence was tested on 104 war veterans together with depression and anxiety symptoms and a level of cognitive functioning.  We applied Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) to access traumatic experiences and intensity of PTSD symptoms and Hopkins Symptom Scale (SBCL 25) for depression and anxiety severity while Mini mental status (MMSE) was applied for aggravated cognitive functioning. ResultsThe average age of tested war veterans was 50,6 years (standard deviation -SD = 5,2 years). Cognitive functioning level was in a negative correlation with traumatic experiences severity (Pearson’s r = -0,310, p = 0,001), with the intensity of PTSD symptoms and the intensity of depression and anxiety symptoms (Pearson’s r = -0,649, p <0.001; r = -0,606, p <0.001, r = -0,566, p <0,001, respectively).Conclusion Severity of traumatic experiences, severity of PTSD symptoms as well as the severity of depression and anxiety symptoms decreased cognitive functioning of war veterans seventeen years after the 1992-1995 war in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Research into the use of organometallic compounds as potential drugs is extremely popular and yields promising results. In this research, a group of organometallic compounds based on 2,2-dihydroxyindane-1,3-dione and selected amino acids (histidine and phenylalanine) was synthesized. FTIR and UV/VIS spectroscopy were used for structural characterization. Antimicrobial activity was examined by diffusion technique on reference bacterial strains from the ATCC collection. The reduction ability of the complex was examined by the FRAP method. The complexes showed significant inhibitory activity against gram-positive bacteria, with zones of inhibition ranging from 10-25 mm. Antioxidant capacity is also high, with FRAP values ranging from 1315.07-22038.7 µmol/L. These results indicate the potential of the synthesized complexes to be used as antibiotics and synthetic antioxidants. However, additional in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to determine their biological activity in more detail.

Teaching methodology is a key segment in the initial education of future teachers. It is a science that studies legality in the field of teaching and learning, but in a specific, clearly defined field of activity. That is, it is a science that explores what to learn, how to learn and teach, as well as how and with what support certain teaching contents are learned. Future teachers, during their initial education, in parallel with the professional knowledge from selected subjects of study, acquire knowledge, develop skills and attitudes on how to teach this subject of study and how future generations will acquire, adopt, form knowledge and skills through their own activity. The aim of this paper is to determine the representation of teaching methodology with school practice in study programs for the education pre-service science teachers. Based on the aim, a qualitative research was conducted, in which the legal provisions regulating the teaching processes at the University of Sarajevo were primarily analysed, with an emphasis on the pedagogical-psychological and didactic methodological group of subjects in the study programs for education of pre-service science teachers at the University of Sarajevo. The total of 11 teacher education programs for education of pre-service science teachers at the Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, were analyzed. The analysis and description of official study programs that prepare future science teachers showed an unequal treatment of teaching methodology practices in the study programs of this higher education institution. We identified different approaches in creating goals and outcomes for teaching content from teaching methodology, unequal number of ECTS credits for this segment of initial education, and also the specifics of certain teaching methodology in study programs have been recognized. The results and recommendations can offer ideas for reflection that will improve the initial education for education of pre-service science teachers. The results of the research also emphasize the responsibility of university teachers in the process of creating curricula with an emphasis on pedagogical-psychological and didactic-methodological area.

The paper deals with the problem of poor acquisition of English nominal compounds in EFL university students who are native speakers of Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian (BCS). The problem was tackled by a brief comparison of noun morphology and declension suffixes in English and BCS, the introduction of negative transfer in the process of foreign language acquisition, and the analysis of BCS translation equivalents. The discussion revealed that the productivity of compounding largely depends on the complexity of noun morphology. Put simply, the more complex noun morphology is, the less productive compounding will be. In addition, the analysis of the translation equivalents also highlighted that a vast majority of problems related to poor acquisition of English nominal compounds stems from the fact that EFL learners usually translate L1 phrases word-forword into L2. Finally, it was pointed out that teaching English nominal compounds to EFL learners could be improved by tailored-made instructions provided in L1.

Generative (grammar) means precisely formulated, explicit grammar. American linguist A. N. Chomsky strove for such a maximally precise, universal grammar. He bases the foundation for his thoughts on the possibility of the existence of a universal grammar on his own belief that the ability for language is inherent in human beings, i.e., that the grammatical structure not only of our own language, but of language in general, is engrained in our minds. This syntactician is interested not only in the definition and analysis of the sentence structure, but also in the inherent relation between grammar and logic. Chomsky’s starting point is that it is possible, within the confines of one language, to form an infinite number of statements using a finite number of words (Glovacki-Bernardi, et al., 2007, p. 190.); while doing so, the focus is on grammatically correct, meaningful statements, as in the opposite situation, grammatical rules which point to the logical relationship within them would lose their meaning. This is, at the same time, one of the foundations of his generative theory. Chomsky confirmed a set of rules through which he attempted to place grammar into a universal framework within which every language can find the laws ruling its own logical grammatical functioning. In applying these laws, it is possible to form paradigms which will serve as indicators of structural differences and similarities between languages, which we will demonstrate in this paper using examples from French and Latin.

E. T. A. Hoffmann was a multi-talented artist who was not only known as a writer but as well as a composer and a draftsman. These talents can be noticed through various traces within his literary work. The references to the fine arts characterize Hoffmann’s entire oeuvre from the early to the late phase. The interest in certain artists and works, which Hoffmann adopted both in Dresden and during the Bamberg and Berlin periods, can be encountered through various references, especially within his narratives. The presented article includes three story collections: Fantasiestücke in Callots Manier,. Blätter aus dem Tagebuche eines reisenden Enthusiasten (1814/15), Nachtstücke (1816/17), and Die Serapionsbrüder (1819/21). It begins by referring to Hoffmann’s engagement with various artistic models, and then goes on to examine the traces of these encounters. The approach divides the references into four categories that within selected narratives reference to different features. Hoffmann not only relays on the traditionally painterly genres of fantasy and nocturne, but also attempts to transpose their characteristics into literature. The works of visual artists can serve as narrative prompts, or to shape the protagonist and landscape depictions. The above-mentioned references contribute to a better understanding of Hoffmann’s narrative work, both on the poetological level and on the level of content.

A 37-year-old man presented with jaundice, upper right quadrant pain, and intermittent fever with chills. Laboratory assessment showed biliary stasis, with total bilirubin of 203 µmol/L (2–20), conjugated bilirubin of 105 µmol/L, and alkaline phosphatase of 556 U/L (30–120). Markers for hepatitis A–E viruses were negative. Serology assessment for rubeola, herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and Toxoplasma gondii showed negative IgM antibodies. HIV serology status was negative. For cytomegalovirus, both types of antibodies (IgM and IgG) were positive, with an IgM level >300 U/mL. pp65 antigen was also detected as well as CMV DNA. Diagnostic imaging of the abdomen except the dilated common bile duct showed a normal appearance of the gallbladder, liver, pancreas, spleen, and both kidneys. To our knowledge, cytomegalovirus cholangiopathy in the absence of any other underlying disease has not been reported. Therefore, the presence of cholangiopathy in our patient is interesting from an imaging, laboratory, and clinical point of view.

Solvent extraction of Eu3+ and Am3+via N,N,N′,N'-tetraoctyl diglycolamide (TODGA) dissolved in different molecular diluents was studied. The diluent types used in this work were primary and secondary alcohols, secondary ketones and alkanes. Effects of concentration of extracting agent, temperature, diluent type and its carbon chain length on the extractions were determined. Distribution ratios of Eu3+ and Am3+ showed high dependence on the diluent type as well as the carbon chain length within the same type of diluent. The highest distribution ratios for both Eu3+ and Am3+ as well as the separation factors of Eu3+ over Am3+ were observed in the alkane diluents. Unexpectedly high distribution ratios for Eu3+ and Am3+ were observed in polar diluents with 5 carbon atoms in the chain, clearly standing out against the general trends. It was found that Eu3+ and Am3+ extraction via TODGA is enthalpy driven in all the studied diluents and that extraction is more exothermic in alkane diluents. Analysis of the stoichiometry of the extracted complexes shows that the average ligand number of TODGA molecules in the extracted complex is lower for Am3+ compared to Eu3+ except for with alkane diluents.

Svake godine u saobraćajnim nesrećama na putevima širom svijeta pogine 1,35 i bude povrijeđeno 20-50 miliona ljudi, što znači da svakog dana u prosjeku skoro 3.700 ljudi izgubi život u saobraćaju. Više od polovine poginulih su pješaci, motoristi ili biciklisti. U ovom radu će biti analizirani faktori koji direktno utiču na povećanje vjerovatnoće pojave sudara motornih vozila, a zatim predstavljena metodologija za predviđanje rizika kao i klasifikaciju nivoa ozbiljnosti sudara korištenjem klasifikacionih modela mašinskog učenja. Predloženi model objedinjuje podatke o sudarima, ulicama Njujorka, protoku saobraćaja na pojedinim dionicama i podatke o vremenu i može se koristiti za identifikaciju gdje i kada je rizik od nesreće značajno veći od prosjeka kako bi se preduzele radnje za smanjenje tog rizika. Rezultati modela za predikciju sudara dostižu tačnost od 70%, dok model za klasifikaciju ozbiljnosti sudara postiže makro-prosječni F1-skor od 0,56.

∗ Socially-Assistive Robots (SARs) hold great potential to revolutionize the way we manage chronic illness outside clinical settings, but a current limitation to their broad adoption for this purpose is the lack of “ground truth” around interactions between robots and humans in in-home settings. Such ground truth is a necessity for using robotic sensor data for machine learning models of patient activity patterns or to create AI to customize robotic interactive behavior autonomously. Traditional subjective recall-based data collection methods lack the fine-grained temporal detail to support such AI development, as well as suffering from “recall bias” effects. One potential solution to this challenge is to adapt novel forms of interaction assessment, such as ecological momentary assessment (EMA), to collect patient interaction data in real-time . Here we describe a pilot study utilizing such an EMA system with SARs. We describe the development of the EMA framework, theoretical design issues, and lessons learned. Preliminary machine learning results indicate 75-80% accuracy for detecting specific interaction modalities. We also discuss the potential utility of EMA for exploring cross-cultural differences with in-the-wild robot use, and as a tool to support participatory design research on robotics in healthcare settings.

The study investigates the influence of alluvial-lacustrine processes and paleoclimate variations on the distribution of terpenoids and unsubstituted Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). The XRF, ICP-MS, Rock-Eval, and organic geochemical analyses were employed to investigate thirty Lower and Middle Miocene sedimentary samples from the Prebreza and Čučale formations, collected from boreholes BL3 and BL5, situated in the central part of the Toplica Basin (Serbia). The development of the studied basin part was influenced by alluvial-lacustrine processes, which affected the type of organic matter (OM) and the paleoenvironment. Sandy silt and gravel layers in the profile of the BL3 borehole indicate the contribution of thicker clasts brought by rivers. In the BL5 borehole, there are fine-grained intrabasinal lacustrine sediments in the lower part, and swamp sediments in the upper part. The lowest total organic carbon (TOC) content is in alluvial sediments of BL3 and some lacustrine sediments of BL5. Based on Hydrogen Index (HI) and C/N ratio, various mixtures of terrigenous and algal organic matter are present in the sediments, while an increase in the proportion of terrestrial organic matter with higher HI (Type II kerogen) is recorded in upper parts of both boreholes, which may be related to paleoclimatic changes. Based on Tmax, the OM is immature and/or in the initial stage of maturity. The presence of plant terpenoids and unsubstituted PAHs, which reflected paleoflora and paleoclimate changes, was associated with the suggestion of predominating Type III kerogen in the studied sediments. Various factors influenced the application of gymnosperms/angiosperms parameters. For instance, the progressive aromatization of triterpenoids occurred in the BL5, whereas the process was hindered in the upper part of the BL3, probably as a result of high sedimentation rates. Based on C-value, Sr/Cu, and Rb/Sr ratios, during the deposition of the Lower and Middle Miocene formations of Čučale and Prebreza, a warm and humid climate prevailed, reflecting the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO). The production of unsubstituted PAHs in the studied samples probably relates to paleo-wildfires, anoxic conditions, or the presence of specific biomass precursors.