This study evaluated the performance of the COVID-19 Ag-RDT compared to the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rtRT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 detection and its use among patients referred for emergency admission. A total of 120 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from patients referred for emergency admission and immediately preceded for testing to the Unit of Clinical Microbiology. Out of 60 Ag positive tests, 53 (88.3%) were confirmed by rtRT-PCR, while 7 (11.7%) tested negative (false positives). Out of 60 Ag negative tests, 56 (93.3%) were confirmed negative by rtRT-PCR, and 4 (6.7%) were positive (false negatives). Ct value comparison was performed for 53 samples that were positive by both methods: 8 (15.1%) isolates had Ct value up to 20; 37 (69.8%) 21 to 30 and 8 (15.1%) 31 to 40, respectively. The sensitivity of the analyzed rapid Ag test was 92.9%, and specificity 88.9%. The accuracy of the Ag test was 90.8%. This study has shown that rapid Ag tests can be used in emergency admissions to healthcare facilities. However, rtRT-PCR should be considered after negative antigen test results in symptomatic patients, and after positive antigen test results in asymptomatic persons.

Introduction. Epulis is a change in gingival tissue that occurs under the influence of chronic irritation. Histologically, there are several different types of epulis. Fibrous epulis is benign tumor of gingiva that most often occurs in interdental papilla area as a result of local irritation (inadequate restorative fillings, carious teeth, subgingival deposits or the combination of them). The aim of this paper is to present a clinical case of fibrous epulis. Case report. A 25-year-old girl reported to the Specialist Center for Dentistry in Foca. Clinical examination revealed a gingival tissue enlargement in the area of the upper jaw central incisors with speech and chewing function disturbances. Intraoral examination revealed a change above the level of gingiva, reddish-pink in color with smooth surface texture and soft consistency. The size of the change was 1 x 1.5 cm. It was connected to the interdental gingiva between teeth 12 and 21 by a narrower base. Clinically, a significant amount of soft and hard dental deposits surrounded the remaining teeth. Remaining gingiva was swollen, red, bleeding on provocation. The anamnesis did not confirm the presence of other acute and chronic diseases. The patient was not pregnant. She was informed about clinical condition assessment, as well as possible therapeutic procedures. Our patient was treated with non-surgical periodontal therapy and surgical excision of the enlargement. After histopathological examination of the removed tissue, the diagnosis was made: "Fibrous epulis cum ulceration". Conclusion. Clinical examination is insufficient for definite diagnosis. Therefore, a histopathological examination of the tissue is mandatory for fibrous epulis definite diagnosis. Treatment of choice is surgical excision of the enlargement and removal of predisposing factors to avoid recurrence.

Introduction. Hyperdontia or supernumerary teeth are excess number of teeth in comparison to normal dentition. The aim of this study was to present different variants of permanent supernumerary teeth, as well as their observation or elimination in order to prevent possible complications Case report. Six different cases of hyperdontia are presented in this paper. All hyperdontia cases were multidisciplinary evaluated and individual treatment protocols were applied. Already erupted supernumerary teeth were extracted without surgical intervention. Unerupted teeth were surgically removed or left for observation. Conclusion. Early and frequent dental check-ups are very important for children in order to detect possible dentition irregularities and thus timely start with appropriate therapy.

Introduction. The most common form of leishmaniasis is cutaneous leishmaniasis. It presents with cutaneous lesions of the unprotected parts of the skin which leave scars later on. The causative agents are protozoae from the Leishmania species , and there are more than 20 of them. Clinical presentation and therapy depend on the type of leishmaniasis. The vectors of leishmaniosis are flies from the Phlebotomus species, and the source of infection is people and animals. Case report. A patient used to work in Iraq. Due to skin lesions that persisted for three months and suspicion of cutaneous leishmaniosis, he was sent by an infectious disease specialist from General hospital, Pancevo to the Public Health Institute of Serbia - PHIS. Lesions were localized on the hands, in the form of plaques with central ulcerations. There were similar cases among his colleagues. Microscopic examination of the skin samples, Giemza stained, showed intracellular amastigote Leishmania. The patient spent two months in the Clinic for infectious and tropical diseases. He was treated with fluconazole and liposomal amphotericin B and discharged with crusts on his hands. Clinical presentation, epidemiologic data, and microbiological diagnosis are very important for the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

The aim of this research was to examine the frequency of different barriers faced by special education teachers in working with children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The sample included 53 participants of both genders and of different ages who were diagnosed with ASD. The instrument used to assess the presence of barriers in teaching refers to the Assessment of Barriers in Teaching (VB-Mapp Barriers Assessment -Sundberg, 2008). In our sample, it was found that all respondents have a pronounced presence of teaching barriers, while the most frequent barriers are prompt dependence, generalization difficulties, socialization problems, escape or avoidance of given tasks and the absence of the tact ability. Having in mind the obtained results, it is highlighted as a necessity to develop an approach that would lead to elimination of the mentioned barriers, as well as to develop a treatment plan to address those teaching barriers in working with children with PSA and consequently enable a higher degree of adoption of new knowledge and skills by children with ASD.

COVID-19 pandemic has put traditional forms of work and education on hold for many institutions. The impact of the transition to "online" work and education mode on mental and education on mental health is particularly interesting. The primary objective of this paper was to to identify advantages and disadvantages of transition to the online work regime that were additionally exacerbated by the pandemic (managerial aspect). The secondary objective was to consider this impact on the mental health of the individuals (socio-psychological aspects). A review of the literature published so far related to the work and teaching process in the Covid-19 pandemic recommends an online regime whenever possible. The results in the labor market domain indicate that if a person is self-disciplined, does not require supervision, has clear tasks and motivation, the online regime provides a number of benefits to such an employee, and consequently to the employer. On the other hand, for people who find motivation to work primarily in contact with colleagues, require supervision, lack self-discipline, as well as for those who aspire to managerial positions, teleworking does not give favorable results. In the field of teaching, in online education, quantitative analysis shows an improved success of pupils and students, but raises the question of whether this success is backed by real knowledge. The identified health consequences for individuals exposed to long-term online interaction regimes are, primarily: burnout syndrome, isolation from friends, problems in family relationships, experience of reduced happiness at home, general poor health and lack of sleep. It is likely that this regime will continue to some extent in the foreseeable future; work organizations and educational institutions will need to implement formalized policies that take into account support for managing the boundary between work and home activities, role clarity, workload, performance indicators, technical support, facilitating networking and training for managers.

Tissue ischemia means insufficient blood flow to a certain area of the body. Interruption of the arterial blood supply leads to an imbalance between metabolic supply and demand and the development of tissue hypoxia. Tissue hypoxia induces metabolic changes that result in inflammation, increased production of reactive oxygen species, and cell death. If adequate blood flow is established in the ischemic tissue, there will be an increase in cellular damage, which is referred to as ischemic-reperfusion injury. Ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion injury are at the root of numerous diseases widely present in modern society, such as myocardial infarction, cerebral insult, acute kidney injury. For now, there is no way to directly affect cellular hypoxia, but the clinical treatment of hypoxic conditions is aimed at modulating global hypoxemia and increasing the amount of oxygen dissolved in the blood. Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) is a treatment during which the patient breathes 100% oxygen under a pressure of at least 1.4 atmospheres. Although the use of hyperbaric therapy was recorded as early as the 17th century, today this treatment is approved for a few indications.

Cadmium (Cd) is an extremely toxic metal that is widespread in nature. Due to its favorable properties, it was widely used in the industry for the production of alkaline batteries, accumulators, pigments, and colored alloys. However, it has been shown that exposure to low concentrations of cadmium leads to damage to many organs and organ systems, and the use of this metal in industry is reduced, and it is replaced by other, less harmful materials. Today, fossil fuel combustion and cigarette consumption are important sources of cadmium exposure. Numerous studies have examined the toxic effects of cadmium and they highlight the kidneys, liver, gonads as the organs that suffer the most damage. The kidneys, as the main place of cadmium storage in the body, are mostly exposed to its toxic effects. In the proximal tubular cells of the kidney, exposure to cadmium disrupts transport processes. Although ionized cadmium (Cd 2+) is thought to be largely responsible for the damage that occurs, the role of the cadmium and metallothionein complex (Cd-MT) cannot be ignored. Peritubular exposure to ionized cadmium indirectly leads to a decrease in the activity of the Na + /L-alanine cotransporter and a decrease in the rate of slow repolarization of the luminal membrane, while the Cd-MT complex leads to both direct and indirect inhibition of this transporter. Also, the Cd-MT complex inhibits Na + /Glucosa cotransporter activity. Exposure to cadmium also leads to a decrease in the endocytic uptake of low molecular weight proteins, which is accompanied by microalbuminuria.

In this paper, the influence of the method of production, on the content of vitamin C in the leaf and root of parsley was investigated. The research was conducted during two growing seasons: 2013 and 2014. Three varieties of parsley were used in the research. The experiment included three type of fertilization.: mineral, organic and organomineral. The application of different fertilizers affected the content of vitamin C in the parsley. In both years the research the highest content of vitamin C were recorded with the application of organomineral, then with the application of organic fertilizers. Parsley leaf has a higher content of vitamin C compared to the root.

U Zemaljskome muzeju Bosne i Hercegovine, u Franjevačkome samostanu u Tolisi, zatim muzeju u Doboju, Muzeju Hercegovine u Mostaru kao i drugim muzejskim ustanovama, između mnogobrojnih nalaza, čuva se i određeni broj predmeta koji se mogu uvrstiti u širu skupinu predmeta koji pripadaju pojasnim garniturama, okovima, falerama, dugmadima, pojasnim jezičcima, privjescima, vrhu korice mača te dijelovima kacige. Ovi predmeti u najvećoj mjeri pripadaju dijelu vojničke opreme za remenje, pojaseve, zatim kao dio konjske opreme, cipela, oklopa i drugih dijelova. Navedeni predmeti služili su u praktične svrhe, ali i kao dio dekorativnoga sadržaja. U nekim slučajevima pojedine forme su u odnosu na interpretaciju mogle imati i apotropejsko i profilaktičko značenje. S obzirom na široki spektar predmeta koji su obrađeni, i datacijski okvir je razmjerno širi te se kreće od 1. stoljeća pa do razdoblja kasne antike.