Last quarter of the 13th Century was a period when medieval Bosnian state reached its peak in territorial expansion and military strength. These accomplishments were followed by the elevation of the influence and reputation, so the Bosnian ruler, ban Tvrtko I, sought new ways to enhance his power and status. Tvrtko accomplished that in October 1377 when he was crowned as the king of the Serbs, Bosnia and Primorje. With that ceremony medieval Bosnian state entered in the exclusive circle of medieval kingdoms. However, the source material about this event unfortunately is very scarce. One of the most important written material that contain king Tvrtkos’ own view on his ruling ideology, is the charter from April/June 1378 issued to the Republic of Ragusa. Also, regarding the inner composition of the charter it represents the crossroad in praxis of the Bosnian courtly chancery, when eastern Serbian/Byzantine influence took primacy. In that regard this charter is of big significance for the Slavic studies as well.

Adnan Busuladžić, Antički željezni alat i oprema sa prostora Bosne i Hercegovine – Iron tools and implements of the roman period in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Univerzitet u Sarajevu – Zemaljski muzej, Sarajevo 2014, 400 str. (Tarik Silajdžić)   Adnan Busuladžić, Rimske vile u Bosni i Hercegovini, Zemaljski muzej Bosne i Hercegovine, Sarajevo 2011, 293 str. (Maja Soldo)   Adis Zilić, Stećci Podveležja – The Medieval Tombstones of Podveležje, Izdanja Federalnog ministarstva obrazovanja i nauke, Knjiga 8, Mostar 2016, 211 str. (Enes Dedić)

This paper focuses on the processes of school-to-work transitions in a selected group of countries from South-eastern Europe (SEE), namely: Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; Montenegro; North Macedonia; Serbia; and, Slovenia. Each of these countries display the same roots of development in their educational systems: however, due to their transition and integration processes within the European Union, they implemented different concepts of reforms within their educational systems. In addition, the challenges of youth employability are a common problem for each of the selected countries, and the effectiveness of the processes of school-to-work-transition varies across the countries. By using panel data and multiple linear regression models, this paper estimates the impact of different educational levels on youth employability and changes in the rates of NEET population (aged 15–24) in the selected group of countries over the period 2009 to 2019. The results suggest that the impact of the attained level of education has an ambiguous effect on the rates of youth employment; moreover, the relationship with changes in NEET rates are statistically significant and negative in most of the selected group of countries.

In the early Middle Ages Hreša was part of the parish of Vrhbosna, which was in the 14 i 15 century a part of the land Pavlovic. With the first arrival of the Ottoman army, the area of the parish Vrhbosna turned into Bosnian place, later named after the main fortress Vilajet Hodidjed, and then afer a market place Vilajet Saray-ovasi. In 1455 the village Hreša (Hriša) was represented by a timar Isa Bey hizmećara Sufi Jahšija. Already in 1485 he has been separated from timars crew Hodidjed and added to sandžakbegov has.In the central part of Hreša, on the site of Han, stands a medieval necropolis with 22 tombstones, which has already been paid to attention in the literature. This paper emphasis is placed on the decorations represented on the tombstones.

Stećci form a part of an unbroken sepulchral continuity in Bosnia that reaches far back into prehistoric times, and are clearly associated with the older sites of prehistoric settlements and places of worship, agglomerations and burial grounds dating from antiquity, late antique and early medieval churches and fortified towns. They are impressive evidence of the growing eeconomic power of the Bosnian feudal society in the 14th century, the opening of mines, increased urbanization, and the desire of individuals to present their status and power through the outward appearance of a tombstone. Their origins and evolution may be traced back from the mid 12th to the early 16th century. Stećci at Kose are made of local stone and all arerecumbent monoliths. There are 26 stećci on the site and can be divided into three types: slabs (2 monuments), chest-shaped (19 monuments) and gabled or sarcophagus-like (5 monuments). They are oriented southwest-northeast. A feature of the necropolis is that the monuments are relatively large. Of the total number, only on the upper surface of the stećak no.14, an ornament in the shape of a rectangular relief bulge is recorded. There are no other types of decorations or inscriptions on the monuments.  

Abstract Background Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of major gastrointestinal surgery with an impact on short- and long-term survival. No validated system for risk stratification exists for this patient group. This study aimed to validate externally a prognostic model for AKI after major gastrointestinal surgery in two multicentre cohort studies. Methods The Outcomes After Kidney injury in Surgery (OAKS) prognostic model was developed to predict risk of AKI in the 7 days after surgery using six routine datapoints (age, sex, ASA grade, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, planned open surgery and preoperative use of either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker). Validation was performed within two independent cohorts: a prospective multicentre, international study (‘IMAGINE’) of patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery (2018); and a retrospective regional cohort study (‘Tayside’) in major abdominal surgery (2011–2015). Multivariable logistic regression was used to predict risk of AKI, with multiple imputation used to account for data missing at random. Prognostic accuracy was assessed for patients at high risk (greater than 20 per cent) of postoperative AKI. Results In the validation cohorts, 12.9 per cent of patients (661 of 5106) in IMAGINE and 14.7 per cent (106 of 719 patients) in Tayside developed 7-day postoperative AKI. Using the OAKS model, 558 patients (9.6 per cent) were classified as high risk. Less than 10 per cent of patients classified as low-risk developed AKI in either cohort (negative predictive value greater than 0.9). Upon external validation, the OAKS model retained an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve of range 0.655–0.681 (Tayside 95 per cent c.i. 0.596 to 0.714; IMAGINE 95 per cent c.i. 0.659 to 0.703), sensitivity values range 0.323–0.352 (IMAGINE 95 per cent c.i. 0.281 to 0.368; Tayside 95 per cent c.i. 0.253 to 0.461), and specificity range 0.881–0.890 (Tayside 95 per cent c.i. 0.853 to 0.905; IMAGINE 95 per cent c.i. 0.881 to 0.899). Conclusion The OAKS prognostic model can identify patients who are not at high risk of postoperative AKI after gastrointestinal surgery with high specificity. Presented to Association of Surgeons in Training (ASiT) International Conference 2018 (Edinburgh, UK), European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) International Conference 2018 (Nice, France), SARS (Society of Academic and Research Surgery) 2020 (Virtual, UK).

This paper analyzes monuments of the First Belgian cohort (cohors I Belgarum equitata) from the area of Ljubuški. Of all the cohorts that were settled in Humac, most registered monuments belong to the auxiliaries of this unit. Three officers are among them (centurion, decurion, signifer), and ordinary soldiers whose monuments are mostly fragmented with damaged inscription field. Four monuments of this kind were discovered. Besides these monuments, we analyzed votive monuments mentioning cohors I Belgarum equitata, such as monuments dedicated to Liber, Fortuna Augusta, Mithra and emperor’s genius. We have found that these votive monuments are not adequately interpreted in the current scientific literature, and we offer a new reading. Also, paper discusses the question of marriage of Roman soldiers, as well as recruitment of local young men in the roman auxiliary troops.

Domagoj Tončinić, Spomenici VII. legije na području rimske provincije Dalmacije,Arheološki muzej, Split 2011., 228 str; Salmedin Mesihović, Antiqui Homines Bosnae,Filozofski fakultet Univerziteta u Sarajevu, Sarajevo 2011., 692 str. (Danijel Džino) Miroslav Marić, Primena geografskih informacionih sistema u arheološkoj dokumentaciji,Printshop, Beograd, 2011., 142 str., 44 sl. (Tino Tomas) Maja Petrinec: Groblja od 8. do 11. stoljeća na području ranosrednjovjekovne hrvatske države,Split, 2009. (Midhat Dizdarević) Dubravko Lovrenović, Bosanska kvadratura kruga, Dobra knjiga – Synopsis,Sarajevo – Zagreb, 2012, 496 str. (Enes Dedić) Zbornik radova, Пад Српске деспотовине 1459. године, Српска академија наукаи уметности, Научни скупови, Књига CXXXIV, Одељење историјских наука, Књига 32,Београд 2011, 439 str. (Dženan Dautović)

The aim of this paper is to present the development of archaeological idea of methodology in Bosnia and Herzegovina on the example of archaeological research throughout Glasinac area during 1980s, concretely on site Klisura at the Kadića brdo, site where Blagoje Govedarica was the head of archaeological research. By comparing the idea and methodological principals that were prevalent during previously mentioned research with first post-war archaeological publications in two major jurnals, as well as the same ones published 10 years later, current state of archaeology in Bosnia and Herzegovina was analyzed through special review on work and contributions of Blagoje Govedarica to development of Bosnian and Herzegovinian science.

Ethno-genetic studies of prehistoric communities are present from the period of the renaissance antiquarians to the first moments of the modern science formation in the late nineteenth century. During this period in the archaeological research a full range of scientific tools for studying the chronological and typological aspects of material culture developed,and the most important step towards ethno-genetic discourse by forming the concept of archaeological cultures as methodological categories remained present in terms of archaeology is accomplished at the beginning of the XXI century. Archaeological culture is equated with ethnic communities, precisely historical categories. During the second half of the twentieth century in the former Yugoslavia under the influence of German methodological approach, question of the ethno-genetic  research has begun its peak from the First Congress  of archaeologists Yugoslavia in Niška Banja, and reached the peak of its development within the work of the Centre for Balkan Studies (CBI) of the Academyof Science and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina. European archaeology has experienced a similar development and a loss of interest at the end of the twentieth century. By the S. Jones’ work The Archaeology of Ethnicity Constructing identities in the past and present studying ethno-genetic processes in Europe revived again. Within the re-actualization of this issuein the archaeological discourse the question of whether and under what methodological framework or integration with other sciences, opportunities for further development ethno-genetic research in the Western Balkans exists. In that sense, in terms ofmodern archaeology lays one of the most important issues of the relation between traditional archaeology and its interpretations towards problem of the integration with population’s genetics, as well as the traditional unanswered question of whether one archaeological culture at the same time represents a particular ethnic group.  

This paper presents the results of the preliminary archaeological excavation of the Visočica plateau made in februry 2017, not far from the protected zone of the National monument of Old Town of Visoki. The work took place in a collaboration of Regional museum in Visoko and Institute of archaeology from Faculty of Philosophy in Sarajevo with the aim of examining the archaeological potential of the site and identifying the spatial distribution of material on it. As a result, various archaeological material was discovered, dating from prehistoric period to middle ages.

The main goal of this article is to define fundamental mechanisms of identification and functioning of identity within prehistoric communities. In that sense the primary focus of the article is aimed on the identification mechanisms in Homer’s Illiad, and on defining the continuity or discontinuity of use of these mechanisms in works of later authors. By defining the functioning of the identification mechanisms, as well as its structure, observation of the relationship between identity and identity fluctuation within Homeric Greece communities becomes feasible. Additionally, it is possible to use these mechanisms to compare mentioned identities with known data relating the communities of the western Balkan region from the same chronological period. Based on the results of these comparations, there is an opportunity to observe and define/redefine more precisely term of archaeological culture itself, as well as previously defined Bronze and Iron Age cultures.

The aim of the article is to present the results of the prospection of the archaeological potential on the site of the national monument “Prehistoric settlement of Butmir, the archaeological site” done in 2016. In accordance with the afore mentioned, a brief description of the applied methodology used during the implementation of archaeological prospection is given, primarily of all the application of extensive (ETP) and intensive (ITP) field survey, as well as the use of test trenches and geological boreholes with the aim of obtaining results that would give more complete picture of distribution of the archaeological potential at the site of the national monument.

The question about beginning of archaeology in Bosnia and Herzegovina throughout traditional archaeological discourse, used to be observed as product of Austro-Hungarian westernisation of Ottoman Bosnia. If we look deeper, and pay attention to works of early eighteenth century and further, it apparently becomes clear that something in that interpretationwent wrong. It could be discussed about antiquarianism and archaeology its self, referring to interpretation of the beginning, but however that definition is unsustainable, because both existed from eighteenth century, and indisputable evidences are left in travel writers works and autochthonous population, as also in some state laws. Writing down their observationsXIX century explorers and travelers as Evans, Giljferding, Baltić, Lozić, Boué, Jukić and others, left important proofs of the interest in history, existence of, so called collectors, and in extremis, about some excavations and researches done in eighteenth and nineteenth century in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Giljferding wrote about being convinced by the story of some peasants about the rock and old signs on it, so in his works he gave insight into the knowledge and awareness of those people about past and its importance. Baltić wrote about excavations in search of the treasure, where besides mere people, official army took participation in such events. On the other side Evans participated in investigations, and looked at everydetail to find out and write down everything about the reviewed, and left us even his drawings. From the other side, Jukić worked and lived in Bosnia, and was among the first ones to encourage people to look after antiquities and keep it well, and tried to influence their conscience about the importance of it trough his petitions, giving the idea of the foundation of the firstBosnian Museum, starting from making his own collection repurchasing antiquities. Beside this works, at the same time government was bringing different laws about the protection of antiquities and monument in Bosnia and Herzegovina. One of those was the law brought at the year 1869, consisting of 7 paragraphs about collecting, exploring and preserving antiquities,that was brought independently, 4 years before Austro-Hungarian epoch, and 5 years before the official government in Ottoman empire. Parallel to it, founding pressrooms has provided people to easily get news about archaeology, and therefore to get more familiar and interested into the subject. At the and it is still intriguing, and probably will stay unsolved, thefact about negligence of some very obvious witnesses of the existence of archaeology in Bosnia and Herzegovina, from early nineteenth century, the latest.