Plantago major L. is a perennial, wild plant that belongs to the Plantaginaceae family, and is used as a good indicator in the assessment of destructive anthropogenic impact on the environment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate cyto/genotoxic effects of methanol extracts of Plantago major, collected from two locations (Tetovo and Smetovi), using Allium cepa test. We demonstrated that the highest concentration of P. major extracts from both locations reduced the mitotic index, while the lowest increased mitotic index value comparing to the positive control. As for genotoxic effects of extract from Tetovo, all concentrations increased the frequency of sticky chromosomes and chromosome missegregations in comparison with both controls, and frequency of multipolar anaphases when compared to the negative control. Higher number of cells with vagrants in comparison with positive control was detected after the treatment with 0.005 and 0.02 mg/ml concentrations. P. major extract from Smetovi (0.005 and 0.01 mg/ml) induced an increase in the number of vagrants as compared to the positive control, and frequency of sticky chromosomes when compared to both controls (0.01 mg/ml). Exposure to extract (0.005 and 0.02 mg/ml) caused increased number of multipolar anaphases in comparison with negative control. Apoptosis were not detected for P. major extract from Smetovi, while its highest concentration (0.02 mg/ml) induced increase in the frequency of necrosis as compared to the positive control. Our results demonstrated that methanol extracts of P. major, collected from Tetovo and Smetovi, showed cyto/genotoxic effects on A. cepa meristem cells.

The paper will discuss the relationship between a language and space and the elaboration of such spatial relationship at the level of a complex sentence with a spatial clause. Within the semantic cases of the spatial relationships – locative, ablative, adlative and perlative – there are certain submeanings that are encoded at the level of a complex sentence with a spatial clause in different ways. Unlike case-marked prepositonal constructions, in which spatial relations are expressed by case meaning and prepositions, these spatial relationships at the level of a complex sentence are generally indicated by conjuctions, and then by antecedents and postcedents to which the conjunctions refer. The spatial clauses in the complex sentence are introduced by relative adverbs, which express different types and subtypes of spatial relations with their lexical and semantic properties. When we talk about spatial relations at the level of a complex sentence, the spatial clause is a prototype and specific in the formally grammatical plan as compared to the other types of dependent clauses. We will also compare the spatial clauses with relative clauses introduced by relative adverbs. Ključne riječi: prostor, mjesna klauza, veznici, odnosni prilozi, lokativ, ablativ, adlativ, perlativ

This article reports on an investigation into the ability of SiO2–Ta2O5 as a new sorbent for simultaneous preconcentration of Cd(ii), Co(ii), Cr(iii), Cu(ii), Fe(iii), Mn(ii), Ni(ii) and Pb(ii) ions from water by the column method and the parameters involved in this process.

Mixed mountain forests of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst), and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) cover a total area of more than 10 million hectares in Europe. Due to altitudinal zoning, these forests are particularly vulnerable to climate change. However, as little is known about the long-term development of the productivity and the adaptation and mitigation potential of these forest systems in Europe, reliable information on productivity is required for sustainable forest management. Using generalized additive mixed models this study investigated 60 long-term experimental plots and provides information about the productivity of mixed mountain forests across a variety of European mountain areas in a standardized way for the first time. The average periodic annual volume increment (PAI) of these forests amounts to 9.3 m3ha−1y−1. Despite a significant increase in annual mean temperature the PAI has not changed significantly over the last 30 years. However, at the species level, we found significant changes in the growth dynamics. While beech had a PAI of 8.2 m3ha−1y−1 over the entire period (1980–2010), the PAI of spruce dropped significantly from 14.2 to 10.8 m3ha−1y−1, and the PAI of fir rose significantly from 7.2 to 11.3 m3ha−1y−1. Consequently, we observed stable stand volume increments in relation to climate change.

Abstract Drug-drug interaction (DDI) is defined as a clinically significant change in the exposure and/or response to a drug caused by co-administration of another drug which may result in a precipitation of an adverse event or alteration of its therapeutic effects. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an overview of DDIs that were actually observed or evaluated in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with particular focus on DDIs with clinical relevance. Electronic searches of the literature were conducted in the following databases: MEDLINE, EBSCO, Scopus, Google Scholar and SCIndeks. A total of 117 articles were included in the review. This review showed that ACS patients can be exposed to a variety of DDIs with diverse outcomes which include decreased efficacy of antiplatelet drugs, thrombolytics or anticoagulants, increased risk of bleeding, rhabdomyolysis, hepatotoxicity, adverse effects on cardiovascular system (e.g. QT interval prolongation, arrhythmias, excessive bradycardia, severe hypotension), serotonin syndrome and drug-induced fever. Majority of the DDIs involved antiplatelet drugs (e.g. aspirin, clopidogrel and ticagrelor). Evidence of some of the reported DDIs is inconclusive as some of the studies have shown conflicting results. There is a need for additional post-marketing and population-based studies to evaluate the true effects of disease states and other factors on the clinical outcomes of DDIs. Clinicians should be attentive to the potential for DDIs and their associated harm in order to minimize or, if possible, avoid medication-related adverse events in ACS patients.

This article fills a gap in theories of forced migration. We present a new model, motivated by specific features of forced migration during a conflict which do not feature in existing migration models. We incorporate the relative deprivation hypothesis and a new “restoration” hypothesis in order to better explain forced migration as a two-stage process, which starts with conflict and, in some cases, forced displacement in the first stage and continues with emigration in the second stage. A particular feature of our model is that it predicts self-selection of highly skilled individuals into international migration as a result of conflict, since the “restoration” hypothesis assumes that individuals with higher income before conflict are most under pressure to restore their previous income through emigration. The model used in this article to analyse conflict-induced migration could also motivate further modelling to better match the characteristics of migration induced by natural disasters (which are expected to increase in the future as a result of climate change) as well as by large development projects.

Ravnopravnost spolova središnja je tema u čitavome svijetu, pa tako i EU-u, gdje predstavlja jednu od temeljnih vrijednosti koju se nastoji integrirati u sve politike Europske unije, ali i programe financiranja EU-a. Analizirajući istraživanja o ravnopravnosti spolova na institucijama visokoga obrazovanja statistike idu u prilog činjenici da te institucije reproduciraju društvene vrijednosti koje dovode do spolne, rodne pristranosti, odnosno diskriminacije. Statistike pokazuju da postoji vidna razlika u tipičnim karijernim profilima za žene i muškarce, odnosno u odabiru znanstvenih područja. Razvidna je horizontalna segregacija, koja nimalo ne zaostaje za onom drugom, vertikalnom segregacijom koja upućuje na to da je top menadžment, ali i uspješniji karijerni put u visokoobrazovnim institucijama uglavnom rezerviran za muškarce. Ne zanemarujući činjenicu da je dostizanje ravnopravnosti spolova u visokome obrazovanju ipak dugoročni projekt koji bi trebao biti rezultat ne samo sveučilišnih politika, nego i institucionalnih vladinih mjera i politika, ovim se radom konstruktivno promišlja i aktualizira tema za buduća istraživanja, s provedenim istraživanjem na jedanaest ustrojbenih jedinica Sveučilišta u Mostaru.

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