Turkey ranked third place in the world for chestnut production after China and Bolivia and the country has unique chestnut populations including valuable and diverse seed propagated chestnut genotypes. In this study, chestnuts (Castanea sativa) were collected during the 2016 harvest season from Northeastern part of Turkey from promising 12 different seedling origin genotypes. Tree growth habit, nut weight, kernel ratio, kernel color, moisture, crude protein, crude fat, dietary fiber, total polyphenols, antioxidant activity and fatty acid content of fruits belongs to 12 genotypes were determined. The results showed that, the majority of genotypes had semi upright tree growth habit. The nut weight and kernel ratio were between 5.05 g (K-10) and 10.10 g (K-5) and 71.10% (K-1) and 82.44% (K-3) among genotypes. The total crude fat content ranged from 0.87% (K-7) to 2.61% (K-1) while the crude protein ranged from 4.80% (K-7) to 7.65% (K-1). The dietary fiber content made up no more than 3.61% of the remaining portion of the kernel. It was found that total polyphenols was between 1.66 and 2.70 g GAE/kg and antioxidant activity was between 5.80 and 9.07 μmol Trolox equivalent/g dry weight basis. Oleic and linoleic acid were the major fatty acids in all chestnut fruits and followed by palmitic and linolenic acid. The results showed that there was enough variations among seed propagated chestnut genotypes for most of the searched parameters and this highlights the importance of conserving the genotypes, as their high levels of heterogeneity allow them to respond to abiotic and biotic stresses and adapt to low-input farming systems.

The aim of this study was to compare the major pomological and antioxidant properties of fruits which are comparatively studied in wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.), taken from natural habitats and commercially important varieties that are grown in the Una - Sana Canton (Bosnia and Herzegovina): Marmolada, Clery, Maya, Arosa and Elsanta. The aim was also to point out the potential superiority of the wild forms, how rich they are in vitamin C, phenol and anthocyanin, in order to be considered as a potential source of natural antioxidants. The results of analyzing the contents of vitamin C and the total phenols of fruit indicate that a wild strawberry has significantly higher antioxidant content of these components than all the commercial varieties tested. The content of vitamin C in fruits of a wild strawberry was 72 mg/100g and the phenol content 94.8 mg/100g. Their inclusion in breeding programs can provide significant potential to create varieties which will possess a better fruit quality with a higher content of antioxidant components. A wild strawberry is a significant genetic potential of particular importance for conservation and biodiversity of certain areas, as well as for the selection and breeding of cultivated fruit trees. The highest content of the total anthocyanin of fruit is registered in Marmolada (134.7 mg/100g).

A high-quality genofund of fruit species and varieties, which are the result of centuries-long adaptation and selection, characterises the Una – Sana Canton. Therefore, this work has included research on the thirty-one sites in eight municipalities (Bihac, Bosanska Krupa, Bosanski Petrovac, Bužim, Cazin, Sanski Most, Velika Kladusa) of the Una- Sana Canton. The aim is primarily to protect and preserve endangered fruit trees and genofund, whereby the first step in meeting these goals is the inventory of native species and varieties. The total of 275 native fruit accessions has been found at these sites, apples and pears being dominant. Most native fruit accessions are not commercially significant varieties. However, local inhabitants mainly use them in the processing and preparation of traditional products. Also, a high degree of tolerance of these accessions for particular diseases and pests was recorded, whereby these accessions represent an exceptional source of starting material for future breeding steps. Key words: Native fruit, genofund, Una-Sana Canton, inventory, accession

Summary The paper presents three year research on qualitative characteristics of introduced peach varieties: Maycrest, Spring Lady, Rich Lady and Elegant Lady, and standard variety Springcrest in Herzegovina. The varieties were described according to the method of the International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR), including subjective assessment. The highest marks for attractive fruit were given to the varieties Rich Lady and Elegant Lady, that are characterized by extremely large fruit, attractive blush colour, and easy stone adherence. Early and medium ripening varieties (Maycrest and Springcrest) are characterized by extremely firmness of flesh which provides greater transportability. The highest stone cracking was found for variety Maycrest, the lowest was noticed for Elegant lady, while the other varieties have medium stone cracking (mark 5). Concerning stone adherence, clingstone was found for the varieties Maycrest and Springcrest, semi-freestone was noticed for the variety Spring Lady, while varieties Rich Lady and Elegant Lady had free stones, actually it is completely free from flesh, characteristic which is highly appreciated by consumers. Key words: peach, fruit, flesh, stone

The aim of this paper was genetic and pomological characterization of total autochthonous gene pool of sweet chestnut in Bosnia and Herzegovina, conserved in situ and selection of the most valuable of genotypes. The sample was consisted of 130 trees from three locations: 50 from northwestern Bosnia, 50 from northern Herzegovina and 30 from eastern Bosnia. All pomological characteristics showed a very high variability. Fruit weight ranged from 2.4 to 12.7 g. The average fruit weight was 6.26 g, which points to the necessity of introducing breeding programs. Microsatellite markers (13 loci) were used for genetic analysis. The average number of alleles for the total sample and all loci was 5.3077, the number of genotypes 9.5385, while the value of the informative test on the contents of polymorphism content was 0.4911. The results of the analysis of heterogeneity showed a significant discrepancy between the observed and expected heterozygosity. The trees with high pomological values have been selected for the further selection.