Objectives: This study investigated the correlation between Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans at dual sites in concurrent endodontic-periodontal diseases. Material and methods: Samples were collected from endodontium and periodontium in cases of concurrent endodontic-periodontal diseases from thirty participants. The sensitivity and specificity of SYBR Green real-time PCR was used to identify the targeted species. Absolute number of targeted genome copies in tested samples were extrapolated from respective calibration curve. Results: No statistical difference was found in the number of detected endodonticperiodontal pathogens between the endodontium and periodontium. The Pearson test detected significant correlation (P<0.001) between targeted bacteria; T. forsythia, F. nucleatum, and P. gingivalis from endodontic-periodontal lesions. Synergistic component observed separately in endodontic biofilm was found only between T. forsythia and F. nucleatum (r=0.380, P=0.03) while in periodontal biofilm T. forsythia, F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis gave high synergism result (P<0.0001). Correlation analysis showed that T. forsythia in primary endodontic infection and in periodontal lesion was significantly decreased with the increase of patients age (r=-0.308, P=0.017). Conclusions: Correlation between targeted bacterial species levels from concurrent endodontic-periodontal diseases confirmed that coronal and cervical dentinal tubules may represent a viable pathway that allows spreading and maintaining of dual sites infection. Periodontal bacteria detected in root canal of concurrent endodonticperiodontal infections may originate from the local periodontal lesions.

There are two major theories for inheritance of Rh blood group system: Fisher - Race theory and Wiener theory. Aim of this study was identifying frequency of RHDCE alleles in Bosnian - Herzegovinian population and introduction of this method in screening for Rh phenotype in B&H since this type of analysis was not used for blood typing in B&H before. Rh blood group was typed by Polymerase Chain Reaction, using the protocols and primers previously established by other authors, then carrying out electrophoresis in 2-3% agarose gel. Percentage of Rh positive individuals in our sample is 84.48%, while the percentage of Rh negative individuals is 15.52%. Inter-rater agreement statistic showed perfect agreement (K=1) between the results of Rh blood system detection based on serological and molecular-genetics methods. In conclusion, molecular - genetic methods are suitable for prenatal genotyping and specific cases while standard serological method is suitable for high-throughput of samples.

PURPOSE This study assessed the occurrence of Tannerella forsythia in patients with acute and chronic primary endodontic infections. METHODS Clinical samples were collected from 40 patients with acute and chronic periradicular disease. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay technique was used to detect the presence of T. forsythia in primary endodontic infections. The first round of PCR amplification used universal primers to detect the 16S rDNA sequence. Product from the first round was then used to amplify T. forsythia specific fragment with species-specific pairs of primers. RESULTS T. forsythia was found in 12 of 27 chronic and 5 of 13 acute infected patients for an overall occurrence frequency of 42.5%. No significant correlation was found between patients with the T. forsythia positive genotype and the occurrence of clinical symptoms in the primary endodontic infections (P < 0.05) (P = 0.496). Also, no significant relationship was found between the occurrence of T. forsythia and the patient's age (P = 0.61) or gender (P = 0.239).