INTRODUCTION Antimicrobials are widely used in infectious diseases. Only the timely intervention will contribute to the positive outcome of the disease. Unjustified use of antimicrobial prophylaxis may have adverse effects, i.e., result in bacterial resistance to existing antimicrobials, as well as toxic effects on leukocyte lineage and other parameters of the blood. GOAL The goal of this study was to confirm that the antimicrobial therapy of urinary, gynecological and respiratory infections has a toxic effect on leukocyte lineage. Followed by lowered immunity and the emergence of risk for health complications especially in oncology and other immunodeficient patients for whom to apply pharmacotherapy it is necessary to have adequate immunity, or white blood cell count that is greater than 4.0 x 10(9)/L. MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective-retrospective study was conducted on a sample of 30 patients in a Primary Health Care Center in Gracanica during the period from March 01, 2013 until April 01, 2014. Testing of this sample was conducted by survey on health status and treatment, or on taking of antimicrobial therapy and other treatment regimens, with the referral diagnosis and determination of leukocytes count in by hematology counter SYSMEX. Results of leukocytes below and close to the lower reference values were statistically analyzed by Students t-test. RESULTS Mean WBC count in the group treated with antimicrobial therapy was 3.687 +/- 0.83 x 10(9)/L, in the group which during repeated infection did not use the antimicrobial therapy 5.09 +/- 1.04 x 10(9)/L, and in the control group of healthy subjects 7.178 +/- 1.038 x 10(9)/L. Statistical analysis with Student's t test indicate highly significant differences between group of patients that used antimicrobial therapy with the group of patient that did not used antimicrobial during repeated infection (t = 6.091; p = 0.0001), as well as significant differences in mean WBC count of both of these groups and the controls (t = 4.984; p = 0.0001, and t = 8.402, p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION Use of antimicrobial drugs leads to serious toxic reactions, or leukopenia. Indications for the use of antimicrobial therapy must be strictly followed, because banal, frequent infections are not indication for antimicrobial therapy. It is necessary to know the types of infection causes. Important is the proper and timely selection of antimicrobial therapy. When selecting the drug we should bear in mind its antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetic and toxic properties, as well as patient health status. Possible is also the application of preventive medicine as well as other manner of solving infection.

Introduction: Drug addiction is one of the most prominent problems in many countries in transition, including Bosnia and Herzegovina. Age limit of drug addiction is shifted to the younger age groups, especially is troubling the increase in number of injection drug users. Our study was aimed to investigate the habits, attitudes and practices related to drug use among young people from the area of Sarajevo city. We can still feel the effects of the war, among which are the most important life without closest relatives, banishment and various types of war and post-war trauma. Goals: To determine the frequency of substance abuse among adolescents; Identify potentially relevant biological, psychological and socio economic characteristics of the adolescents; To explore adolescents attitudes towards drug use; Examine the general level of knowledge of adolescents about drugs and their effects. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on randomized sample of 502 students in two primary and three secondary schools in Sarajevo and Gracanica. To study used survey method. Survey instrument was a self-made questionnaire with the research variables. The obtained data were processed by a computer and statistically correlated. The study is of combined, retrospective, prospective and transversal type. Results: To the question “How many times have you consumed cannabis in the last 30 days” about 6% of the respondents have tried once or twice, while 1.5% use it daily, ecstasy have tried one or two times 2.25%, while 0.5% have daily use. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that students at schools in Sarajevo consumed drugs 50% more than the children in Gracanica. Analyzing the age at which the subjects consumed the drug for the first time, we came to the conclusion that in the third year of high school only 8% of adolescents have tried any drugs before they turned 15 years. This percentage among eighth graders is about three times higher. Conclusion: Presented research results clearly suggest a strong contamination of the living environment of young people with different types of psychoactive substances. Offer of drugs is extensive and distribution network covers all the places where young people visits, including schools. It is clear that today’s teenagers sooner or later hear about drugs, see, get in touch with a “junkie” and have a chance to take the drugs if they want to. From our research, we found that the following factors: Marital status of parents, employment of parents, the number of family members, type of school and satisfaction with oneself are not crucial for the eventual drug use among young people. While, the biological status of the parents, educational status of parents, financial status of parents, the tendency of parents tobacco and alcohol use, adolescents’ attitude to parents, the harmony of relationships between parents, school performance, positive attitude toward the so-called light drugs, represent significant risk factors for adolescent populations.

Introduction: Drug addiction is one of the most prominent problems in many countries in transition, including Bosnia and Herzegovina. Age limit of drug addiction is shifted to the younger age groups, especially is troubling the increase in number of injection drug users. Our study was aimed to investigate the habits, attitudes and practices related to drug use among young people from the area of Sarajevo city. We can still feel the effects of the war, among which are the most important life without closest relatives, banishment and various types of war and post-war trauma. Goals: To determine the frequency of substance abuse among adolescents; Identify potentially relevant biological, psychological and socio economic characteristics of the adolescents; To explore adolescents attitudes towards drug use; Examine the general level of knowledge of adolescents about drugs and their effects. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on randomized sample of 502 students in two primary and three secondary schools in Sarajevo and Gracanica. To study used survey method. Survey instrument was a self-made questionnaire with the research variables. The obtained data were processed by a computer and statistically correlated. The study is of combined, retrospective, prospective and transversal type. Results: To the question „How many times have you consumed cannabis in the last 30 days“ about 6% of the respondents have tried once or twice, while 1.5% use it daily, ecstasy have tried one or two times 2.25%, while 0.5% have daily use. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that students at schools in Sarajevo consumed drugs 50% more than the children in Gracanica. Analyzing the age at which the subjects consumed the drug for the first time, we came to the conclusion that in the third year of high school only 8% of adolescents have tried any drugs before they turned 15 years. This percentage among eighth graders is about three times higher. Conclusion: Presented research results clearly suggest a strong contamination of the living environment of young people with different types of psychoactive substances. Offer of drugs is extensive and distribution network covers all the places where young people visits, including schools. It is clear that today’s teenagers sooner or later hear about drugs, see, get in touch with a „junkie“ and have a chance to take the drugs if they want to. From our research, we found that the following factors: Marital status of parents, employment of parents, the number of family members, type of school and satisfaction with oneself are not crucial for the eventual drug use among young people. While, the biological status of the parents, educational status of parents, financial status of parents, the tendency of parents tobacco and alcohol use, adolescents’ attitude to parents, the harmony of relationships between parents, school performance, positive attitude toward the so-called light drugs, represent significant risk factors for adolescent populations.

INTRODUCTION Depression often accompanies various physical illnesses. OBJECTIVES Screening for unidentified depression in patients diagnosed with Diabetes mellitus. DESIGN AND METHOD a retrospective, descriptive study. SUBJECTS 100 diabetic patients, 53% female and 47% male, age group 18-85. Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 questionnaire was used on a random sample of diabetic patients in two family medicine outpatient clinics in Health Centre Ilidza and Center, Sarajevo, in period February-May 2007. The cutoff score of > or = 1.75 was used. The occurrence of depression was analyzed with respect to the duration of Diabetes mellitus, type of treatment and average value of fasting blood glucose over the last six months. RESULTS 36% of subjects scored positive for depression symptoms, 31% of subjects in the group having the illness up to one year, 80% in the group having the illness for 11-15 years. There is a statistically significant difference in depression positive score between the group of patients using insulin, and to the group using oral hypoglycemic therapy, 73% vs. 20% (p< 0.05). In the group with average value of fasting blood glucose < or = 7 mmol/l, 15% of the patients have a positive oepression score, versus 66% of them in the group with blood glucose levels of 13-15mmol/l. CONCLUSION The number of newly found depressions in diabetic patients increases with the duration of Diabetes mellitus and with higher levels of fasting blood glucose. A systematic screening by family doctors can help identify diabetes-related depression.

GOALS The goals of the research were: a) to identify possible serious and specific causes of neck pain; b) to identify psychological and social barriers for recovery; c) to determine the degree of dysfunction caused by nonspecific neck pain; d) reduce pain; e) improve functioning and reduce disablement; f) prevent recurrences and development of chronic forms. ATTENDEES AND METHODS: As a sample for this research we selected patients with the verified neck pain syndrome, 120 of them in total which we divided into two groups with 60 patients. One group is treated with the classic rehabilitation method and the other cohort underwent active exercises during a six months period. For testing we used WAD scale and NDI questionnaires, which are approved all around the world and described in available literature. RESULTS In the time period from January 3rd until December 31st 2006 there was a total of 6163 specialist evaluations, first or control ones. During the same time period physical rehabilitation started 516 patients with the neck pain syndrome from which: 426 women (82.3%) and 90 men (17.7%). Majority of patients axial neck pain was diagnosed or not complicated neck pain syndrome (G 54.2), but for the patient in Center for physical rehabilitation much more frequent is cervical brachial compared to the reference data. In baseline, demographic and clinical data for the 120 respondents did not have significant statistical deviations. Average patient's age is 47 years, with very low variation coefficient. Variation coefficient; V(A) = 13 % (very low) V(B) = 13% (very low). Also within baseline, the pain (VAS) and self estimated functionality impairment (NDI), was also similar for both groups. All respondents N = 120 had the initial evaluation of functioning status 3. After 6 months reevaluation we gave significant differences in clinical state levels of the patients from the training (A) and the control group (B). If we analyze the relationship between frequencies, we can conclude that the patients--but not all, which exercised in their homes, have better functional status and reduced pain, and 10% of them did not have any problems. But, also 15% of patients that did not exercise within home program have improvement in clinical status, which can be explained with the usual, spontaneous remission of the neck pain syndrome. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION According to the results of the conducted research, continuous and long lasting exercised to strengthen the neck muscled with the home exercise program are efficient in the treatment of patients suffering from neck pain syndrome. Ten percent of the patients that exercised did not feel the subjective problems, which 60% of them had significant reduction of pain, reduction in use of analgesics and anti rheumatic medications, with improvement in local and general functioning status as well as daily activities in life and work, and that is statistically highly significant advantage compared to the patients that did not exercise. Work in the department of physical and family medicine, organized at the local community level, provides good basis for the scientific research and possibility to implement prevention programs, with necessary interdisciplinary and cooperation between teams. The perspectives are the following: In general, evidence degree for a neck pain is quite low. Determination of guidelines for better systematization of therapy is important prerequisite for the future efficacy researches of various concepts.

OBJECTIVE Depression is more than just a mood disorder, it is a real illness that not only affects one's mood and thoughts but also appetite, sleep patterns and one's self esteem. Today by primary care physician every fourth patient is diagnosed with depressive disorder where 15% of them try or commit suicide. Objective is to correlate importance, frequency, & recognizing physical symptoms who indicate depressive disorder. METHODS Research pooled sample of 33 female patients who seek medical attention with numerous physical pains which had no organic cause (n = 33). Participant's average age was 46. They were mainly unemployed and single mothers with one or more children. Seven physical symptoms were observed before, during diagnosis and their existence after two months of anti-depression therapy. They are: a) headaches; b) rapid heartbeat; c) dizziness or hightheadedness; d) shortness of breath; e) increased sweating; f) stomach aches; g) nausea. Research took place between June and December 2007 in the office of family medical practice. Data was collected & analyzed using program SPSS14. RESULTS In the beginning of disorder, the physical symptoms are milder and increasing with time and development of disorder. The most common physical symptoms, headaches, rapid heartbeat, dizziness or lightheadedness, and nausea are present before and after anti-depressive or anxiolytic therapies. Statistical analysis differentiating number of symptoms before and after therapy shows 5% decrease. After two months of treatment physical symptoms, headaches, rapid heartbeat, and nausea remain where dizziness or lightheadedness, stomach aches, increased sweating or breath-shortness largely respond to therapy. CONCLUSION The research shows physical symptoms take significant place in recognizing depressive disorder. They are accompanying symptoms of depressive disorder. Most common physical symptoms of depressive disorder are: headaches, rapid heartbeat, dizziness or lightheadedness, and nausea. There is significant statistical difference in the number of physical symptoms before and after anti-depressive and anxiolytic therapies.

Amplitude of wave P22 for 14% of respondents with MS was 0.1-1 µV, the number of patients with the amplitude 1-5µV in the experimental group was lower by 12% and by 3% smaller number of patients with the amplitude 5-10 µV compared to the control group. Shown results indicated statistically significant difference of decreased values for the P22 wave in experimental compared to the control group. ( X2=109,896 p<0.01). CONCLUSION: In our research values of the cortical waves N19 and P22 amplitudes was significantly decreased among patients with MS compared to healthy respondents. This parameter of measuring evoked response besides prolonged latency can be considered significant as proof of pathological waves in SSEP among patients with multiple sclerosis especially during the acute phase of illness.

Twenty seven patients diagnosed as having systolic heart failure with Ejection Fraction (EF) of less than 40% by echocardiography were monitored over a period of 3 years. The monitored parameters included clinical symptoms, diastolic dysfunction, therapies and survival during three years of treatment. The results indicate a beneficial effect of treatment with high doses of ACE-inhibitors, spironolactone and beta-blockers in improving clinical symptoms and diastolic function. The survival rate was similar to that in the developed European countries.

In this study we showed our results in carbocisteine therapy of secretory otitis media in children. 66% of patients had successful treatment. We would recommend to make multicentric study with bigger number of patients to evaluate our results.