Ischemic stroke (IS) is defined as rapid development (focal or global) of clinical signs of brain function disorder with symptoms lasting 24 hours or longer, or leading to death, without other clear causes except destruction of blood vessel.1 Anxiety does occur in patients with IS, but not in those with intracerebral hemorrhages.2 Astrom found symptoms of anxiety in 28% of patients in acute phase of stroke.3 The aim of this study was to analyze anxiety in patients within 48 hours (hyperacute and acute phase) and 15th day (subacute phase) after the IS in relation to gender and location of the lesion. PATIENTS AND METHODS

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system affecting young adults. Although adults and children share important features of the disease, they also differ in some clinical, radiological and laboratory aspects. This review focuses on the neuroimmunological findings in the cerebrospinal fluid of children with MS pointing out that there is already at earliest time of clinical manifestation a neuroimmunological pattern, which differs only in intensity of the humoral immune response but not in frequency and does not support a neuroimmunological difference between early onset from adult onset MS. The humoral immune response with intrathecal IgG and IgM class response and the polyspecific production of antibodies against a wide range of antigens (MRZ antibody response) further helps to differentiate childhood MS from ADEM as the main differential diagnostic challenge. Introduction: Adult MS patients have a relapsingremitting (80%) and less frequently a primaryprogressive course of the disease (20%) (1). Children with MS have also a predominantly relapsing– remitting course. No reports on a primary-progressive course below the age of 10 years do exist. Even between 10 and 16 years of age a primary-progressive course of the disease is exceedingly rare (2). Children with MS have a longer disease duration until they enter a phase of secondary-progression compared to adults (2,3). Children with MS reach an expanded disability status scale (EDSS) 4 after a much longer time than adults (20.2 vs. 10.7 years), but are still significantly younger (median 31.6 years) than adults (median 41.1 years) when they suffer from significant disability (2,3). When children enter the phase of secondary progression they appear to follow the same time course as adults (3). Children more often than adults present initially with more than one functional system involved (4). In a cohort of 132 patients reported by Pohl and colleagues 67% of children with MS had a polysymptomatic manifestation (5). Cerebellar and brainstem symptoms in pediatric MS are more and pyramidal symptoms less frequent than in adults with MS (2,5). Children with MS have a higher relapse rate in the first 2 years, which in general correlates with a faster disease progression, than in adults (6). Before the age of 10 years a male preponderance exists. During and after puberty (between 15 and 16 years) several studies report a rise in the female/male ratio to 2.1:1 to 2.4:1, which is slightly higher compared to adults with MS (2,5). Of particular diagnostic relevance is the observation that children with MS often do not meet the McDonald MRI criteria for dissemination in space at the time of their first exacerbation or their MS diagnosis (7). This underscores the importance of other diagnostic features such as the presence of oligoclonal bands for an accurate diagnosis also in view of the broad differential diagnosis in pediatric MS. The most frequently considered differential diagnosis is acute dissem-

Generally, Arnold – Chiari malformation associated with syringomyelia is not rare. In this case report we present a 52 years old female patient with a history of neck-pain, low-back pain, pain in both arms as well as frequent numbness in the lateral regions of both arms. She also experienced walk disturbance and in her previous history she reports a car accident, twenty-eight years ago. She broke windshield with her forehead, but remained conscious at the time. At the time of admittance at the Department of Neurology, her neurological status was remarkable for cerebellar symptomatology (ataxia, positive Romberg-sign, «finger–nose» test which she did with tremor and was not able to perform «tandem-walk»), hypoestesia of the right side of the body, hyper-reflection of both arms and legs, bilaterally, more pronounced at the right side; right foot subclonus and spastic-ataxic walk. Neurological status could not be explained by previously performed tests: x-ray of cervical spine, lumbal myelography, computerized tomography (CT) of the brain. However, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and cervical spine verified Arnold-Chiari malformation (type I) associated with syringomyelia from C3 to C7. Patient was referred to surgery and subsequent physical rehabilitation.

Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) is located on the western part of the Balkan Peninsula. It has an area of 51 210 km2 and a population of 3 972 000. According to the Dayton Agreement of November 1995, which ended the 1992–95 war, BH comprises two ‘entities’ – the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBH) and the Republic of Srpska (RS) – and the District of Brcko. The administrative arrangements for the management and financing of mental health services reflect this. The FBH, with 2 325 018 residents, is a federation of 10 cantons, which have equal rights and responsibilities. The RS has 1 487 785 residents and, in contrast, a centralised administration. Brcko District has just under 80 000 residents.

The consequences of hard hearing disturbances on psychological restructures were signed when it all is about communication in social interactions, cognitive development and certain characteristics of personality. Certain psychological characteristics were analyzed at deaf by testing deaf and hearing ones. Testing sample (N=45) had been chosen randomly and there were both male and female 18 to 55 years old, with target to prove certain psychological characteristics of deaf in relation to social interactions. For that purpose has been created this measurement: “Estimation scale of psychological characteristics at deaf”, tipe of Likerts, which is consisted of 15 variables. The results of sub samples of tested ones on used variables have been described by descriptive and comparative analysis, but hypothesis about not existing statistical important differences between hearing and deaf tested ones in estimation of psychological characteristics at deaf has been tested by discriminative analyses. The results of survey point that there is no statisticaly important differences in estimation of psychological charakteristics at deaf, beteween two used samples in subject survey.