Atherosclerosis is a pathological condition that begins in early childhood, but clinically the disease manifests in older age. The aim of work was to determine frequency of atherosclerosis risk factors in healthy school children. Cross-sectional study included 214 children in mean age 10,99+/-2,52 years, within range 7 to 15 years. Patients body mass index, blood pressure, lipid status, dietary habits, physical activity and sedentary habits have been evaluated. Cardiovascular risk factors are significantly present in children (P<0,05) i.e. one cardiovascular risk factor is present in 47/214 (21,96%) children, two risk factors had 25/214 (11,68%) children, while 17/214 (7,94%) children had three or more cardiovascular risk factors. Obesity was present in 20/214 (9,34%) children, while overweight was present in 23/214 (10,74%) children. Hypertension was present in 10/214 (4,67%) children, and it was significantly present (p<0,05) in obese and overweight children. Total cholesterol was increased in 17/214 (7,94%) children, LDL-cholesterol was increased in 11/214 (5,14%) [corrected], increased triglycerides had 4/214 (1,86%) children, while decreased HDL-cholesterol was found in (3/214, 1,40%) children. Unhealthy dietary habits were present in 45/214 (21,02%) children, 42/214 (19,62%) children is physically inactive, while sedentary habits were shown in 39/214 (18,22%) children. Research shows that a large number within study group has one or more cardiovascular risk factors that can lead to premature atherosclerosis. Using massive screening of cardiovascular risk factors, along with adequate physical activity, healthy dietary habits, reduced sedentary habits, doctors and teacher's education, parents and children can reduce premature clinical sequels in atherosclerotic process.

INTRODUCTION: Adopted and orphans children are at increased risk of infections acquired in their region of origin. The number of orphans and adopted children in the Bosnia and Herzegovina increased rapidly during the past decade after the war in Bosnia. Aim of this article is to show that care and nutrition are better for development of children in organized crowded conditions then in normal poor residential population. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Retrospective study was conducted on 300 children who were evaluated after arrival in orphanage Bjelave Sarajevo during the period from 1999-2008 and a case-matched study was conducted on a subgroup of 120 children who resided in either an orphanage or foster care before adoption. A descriptive analysis of measurements and analysis of incidence of obesity and malnourishment in children were performed with the use of Sigmastat Statistics and Microsoft Access. RESULTS: No differences were found in the incidence of orphans and other children after pediatrics examinations or laboratory investigations for significant infections related to location of residence before adoption and after arrival in orphanage. We found increasing number of doctors visits and increased prescription of antibiotics and first examinations compared to children examinations in Public Health Institution Sarajevo. Research showed that healthy orphan children in Bosnia and Herzegovina are healthier (height, weight, and others parameters) then in other normal residential conditions. DISCUSSION: Judicious use of screening tests and appropriate treatment are critical to ensure health of this population. Assessing children health is important for prevention of transmission of infectious diseases to their adoptive families and to track changes in patterns of infectious diseases .CONCLUSIONS: Directed screening tests should be a routine component of medical evaluation of all children adopted from orphanage and before arrival in orphanage, regardless of age, sex, or region of origin.

INTRODUCTION The combined MMR vaccine was introduced to induce immunity less painfully than three separate injections at the same time, and sooner and more efficiently than three injections given on different dates. MMR will protect most kids from contacting measles, mumps, or rubella throughout their lives. METHODS AND MATERIALS The vaccination status of all children was verified by reviews of their vaccination records. The outcome variables obtained from the public files of the Federal Health Public Institution Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1991 and 2007 were related to the receipt of MMR vaccine. RESULTS Adverse reactions, rarely serious, may occur from each component of the MMR vaccine. 3% of Bosnian children develop fever, malaise and a rash until three weeks after the first vaccination; only 1% develop temporary joint pain. When examining selective MMR non receipts, the family-level factors that have been traditionally associated with failure to immunize were no longer important. DISCUSSION Measles, mumps and rubella continues to be a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries and an outbreak threat in the majority of countries. CONCLUSION The most effective way of preventing measles is the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and it also provides protection against two other potentially fatal childhood conditions--mumps and rubella. Vaccination is very effective in preventing and reducing the impact of serious illness. Very few children are unable to have the MMR vaccine for medical reasons.

INTRODUCTION: Colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is common in older kids with cystic fibrosis (CF) and there is increasing evidence that transmissible strains may cross-colonise patients. PA colonization is usually difficult to eradicate with antimicrobial therapy and, in some children and younger patients, infection is associated with rapid decline in pulmonary function and increased hospitalization. Diffuse bronchiectasis is seen in patients with cystic fibrosis. CASE REPORT: A 19-year-old male with CF severe lungs disease and liver insufficiency presented with coughing and breathing difficulties with wheezing progressed to generalized bad situations and Pseudomonas aerigenosa opportunic suprainfection. The effect of combined three antibiotics therapy was very successful as eradication of Pseudomonas aerigenosa. Lung physiological tests were pathologically changed with obstructive and restrictive reductions of vital pulmonal parameters. DISCUSSION: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common potentially lethal genetic disease in the white population. Improvements in life expectancy have led to an increased recognition of lungs and hepatobiliary-pancreatic CF complications. CONCLUSIONS: Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease usually diagnosed by abnormal sweat testing. Despite the best efforts by CF clinic pediatricians, patients with CF eventually reach the point of respiratory insufficiency, and lungs can no longer sustain, and patients need lungs transplantation.

Children's occult infections are characterised presenting pathogenic bacteries in blood of children in age 3 to 36 months, but they are good general aspect and orderly immunologic status and they don't have signs of focal infection. Manifestation of occult infections determined: age of child, increasing bodies temperature, testsphysical observance and clinical-biochemistry tests. Prevalence of manifestation occult infections is 3-8%, but they manifest ni a form occult bacteremia, occult pneumonia nad occult urinary infection. Methodic, systematic admission and adequate clinical-biochemical monitoring, we minimise sequeles of occult infections. Risk of serious sequeles at occult infections is importantly decreasing by epidemiological changes that it rises by using vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae is leading ethiological source. Many contraversal opinions are presented in glance of therapeutic strategy at children's occult infection. Future of solutions at many hesitations ni context diagnosis and therapy of occult infections is established in using recent detectional tests /pneumococcus PCR, plasmas tumor reaction, interleukin lâ/ and preventive intervetions activities /conjugated pneumococcus vaccination/.