: Satureja montana L. (SM) has a long traditional use as a spice and a medicine for various gastrointestinal disorders, including painful spasms and diarrhea. Contrary to conventional drugs, administration of SM and its extracts are considered safe. Previous studies have shown that the essential oils (EOs) of SM from different areas are rich in monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpens, and phenolic compounds, including flavonoids, tannins, and acids with great composition variability. Determination of composition of EO from Herzegovinian SM done by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-FID and GC/MS, respectively) revealed carvacrol as a primary substance followed by γ -terpinene, p -cymene, and β -caryophyllene. Ex vivo spasmolitic activity caused by EO was evident in different types of isolated rat ileum function with the most potent effect on spontaneous activity followed by electrical field stimulation and KCl-and CaCl 2 -induced activity. SMEO produced in vivo antidiarreal activity on castor oil-induced diarrhea in young rats and showed the potential to cause a decrese water content in the feces of adult Wistar rats.This study indicates that effects of SM on the intestinum could be mediated through combination of Kv channel activation and Ca channel blockade, but additional mechanisms might be involved. The results of this study corroborate the traditional use of SM as antispasmodic, antidiarrheal, and antisecretory agents.

AIMS To evaluate whether serum estrogen level is associated with chronic pain, masticatory dysfunction, and depressive symptoms and/or somatization in women with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and different menstrual cycle status. METHODS A total of 64 women were allocated into one of three groups: one composed of women with normal menstrual cycles (Group 1), one composed of pregnant women (Group 2), and one composed of women in surgical menopause (Group 3). All respondents underwent a standardized clinical examination with the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD). Diagnoses were generated according to Axis I, and grades of chronic pain, depressive symptoms, and somatization were evaluated according to Axis II. The level of serum estradiol was measured by using the immunofluorescent method. Analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test with post hoc comparisons via series of Mann-Whitney U tests, and Spearman correlation coefficient were used for comparisons between study participants. RESULTS Reported pain was decreased with the progress of pregnancy among the women from Group 2 and was the lowest at the 36th week of pregnancy. Women in surgical menopause reported higher pain intensity as well as more difficulties with chewing and eating hard and soft food compared to the other subjects. Depressive symptoms and somatization were lowest among the women with advanced pregnancy and the highest among menopausal women. CONCLUSION TMD-related chronic pain grade, masticatory dysfunction, and depressive symptoms and somatization are the highest when the estrogen level is the lowest.

PURPOSE To analyze the frequencies of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of EGFR gene, -191C/A and 181946G/A, among lung cancer patients from the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Hercegovina, as well as to assess the association of SNP genotypes with the cancer type and other demographic characteristics of patients, particularly with the smoking status. METHODS This study enrolled 41 lung cancer patients from the territory of Republic Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Detection EGFR SNPs was performed using PCR-RFLP methodology. PCR was performed on 2720 Thermal Cycler (Applied Biosystems, United States). PCR, as well as RFLP products, were detected by gel electrophoresis. SPSS-17 software (SPSS, Inc.) was used for statistical analyses. RESULTS There was significantly more male than female smokers in our cohort (p=0.006). In addition, the proportion of smokers was higher among patients with adenocarcinoma in comparison to patients with other lung cancer types (p=0.044). Adenocarcinoma was less common in patients older than 64 years (p=0.035). The wild type homozygous genotype of both SNPs was the most frequent genotype in all the tested demographic groups. Using dominant genetic model for -191C/A SNP, we observed statistically significant association of -191CC genotype and adenocarcinoma (p=0.043) in the subgroup of patients younger than 64 years. Namely, patients younger than 64 years and carriers of -191CC genotype had higher risk (odds ratio/OR=9.6; 95% confidence interval/CI= 0.8477 to 108.7214) for adenocarcinoma than the ones carrying -191CA or -191AA genotype. CONCLUSIONS Patients younger than 64 years and carriers of -191CC genotype have significantly higher risk for adenocarcinoma than carriers of -191CA or -191AA genotype. Further studies on larger cohorts are necessary to evaluate -191C/A SNP as a potential biomarker.

OBJECTIVES Interprofessional teamwork is best attained through education that promotes mutual trust and effective communication. The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of interprofessional learning on knowledge about diabetes. METHODS The cross-sectional study included students of medicine, dentistry and nursing at the Faculty of Medicine Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The students were randomly allocated into one of two groups. Group 1 attended an interprofessional course on diabetes while group 2 was divided into three subgroups and each of the subgroups attended an uniprofessional diabetes course. The measuring instrument used in the course in order to assess the participants' knowledge about diabetic care was a test containing multiple-choice questions about diabetes. The Interprofessional Questionnaire was used to explore the attitudes, views, values and beliefs of students regarding interprofessional education (IPE). RESULTS No statistically significant difference in total score on the test was found between the groups at baseline, but at follow-up the difference was highly statistically significant (F=10.87; p=0.002). The students from Group 1 had better results (21.82 points), compared to Group 2 (18.77 points). The statistically significant difference was observed in mean values (t=-3.997; p=0.001), between Groups 1 and 2; the students from Group 1 obtained 20.42 points, which is considered to indicate a respectively positive self-assessment of communication and teamwork skills. However, Group 2 indicated a negative self-assessment of communication and teamwork skills. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that IPE activities may provide health profession students with valuable collaborative learning opportunities.

Abstract Introduction The purpose of the present study was to examine self-perceived stress of health professions students at the Faculty of Medicine Foča, and to explore its association with anxiety, depression and health-related quality of life. Methods The cross-sectional study enrolled 451 students at the Faculty of Medicine (medicine, dentistry, nursing and speech therapy). Survey instruments were distributed at the conclusion of the spring semester during the last required lecture for each year and study programme class. Perceived stress was assessed using the 14-item Perceived Stress Scale. The students were evaluated for symptoms of depression and anxiety, using Zung’s self-assessment inventory for depression and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). European Quality of Life-5 dimensions were used for describing and evaluating health. Multivariate analyses were carried out using logistic regression to examine the relationship between the outcome variable and selected determinant factors. Results A high degree of stress was reported by 1.6% of students, while the majority of students had either moderate (70.6%) or low degree (27.5%) of stress. The significant independent factors associated with perceived stress were anxiety score (OR, 0.339; CI 95%, 0.276-0.403) and EQ-5D score (OR, 0.044; CI 95%, 0.033-0.085). A high degree of perceived stress (OR, 0.624; CI 95%, 0.507-0.704), the presence of depression (OR, 0.800; CI 95%, 0.513-1.087), and low quality of life were associated with anxiety (OR, 0.073; CI 95%, 0.018-0.128). Conclusion Higher levels of perceived stress predispose health professions students for anxiety and lower quality of life. The study programme was not a significant determinant of perceived stress sore.

The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of κ-casein (κ-CN) and β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) genotypes in the autochtonous (Busha) and dairy (Holstein-Friesian, HF) cattle breeds with PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism). For the amplification of κ-CN and β-Lg gene fragments specific primers were used. After digestion with specific endonucleases genotypes were determined for both genes in 18 Busha and 19 HF cows. The results showed that κ-CN gene was represented with the AA genotype in 31.58 % HF cows, AB in 52.63 % cows, whilst the genotype BB was found in 15.79 % cows only. Among the examined Busha cattle 44.44 % cows had AA genotype and 55.56 % genotype AB for κ-CN. As for β-Lg gene in HF breed, AA genotype was found in 26.31 % cows, AB in 63.16 % and BB in 10.53 % cows. In Busha cows the following genotypes were established for β-Lg gene: AA in 44.44 % cows and AB in 55.56 %, whilst BB genotype was not found. These results indicate that Busha cows had a higher presence of A allelic forms of both genes (k-CN and β-lactoglobulin) than HF cows.

Uvod. Pisanje predstavlja kompleksnu ljudsku sposobnost i ujedno nasjloženiji oblik jezicke delatnosti. Sam cin pisanja obuhvata znanje i vestinu pravilnog grafickog oblikovanja slova. Poremecaj u sticanju sposobnosti pisanja oznacava se terminom disgrafija. Osnovni simptomi disgrafije su lose oblikovana slova, necitak rukopis, pogresna velicina slova, nedovrsene reci, izostavljene reci, izlomljeni redovi. Pisanje se može procenjivati sa grafomotornog i lingvistickog aspekta. U fokusu ove studije jeste procena pisanja sa grafomotornog aspekta. Cilj nam je bio da na osnovu ocene zrelosti i kvaliteta rukopisa utvrdimo pojavu disgrafije kod dece mlađeg skolskog uzrasta. Metode. Procena pisanja izvrsena je pomocu: Skale za procenu zrelosti rukopisa i Skale za procenu disgraficnosti rukopisa. Istraživanjem su obuhvacena 234 ucenika treceg i cetvrtog razreda osnovnih skola „Sveti Sava“ i „Veselin Maslesa“ u Foci i 44 ucenika koja pohađaju ogranke ovih skola u naseljima Miljevina i Brod. Analizirani su uzorci rukopisa u tri modaliteta (diktat, prepis, samostalno pisanje). Na osnovu dobijenih podataka ocenjivani su zrelost i kvalitet rukopisa. Kod ocene kvaliteta, rukopisi su svrstani u cetiri kategorije: skladan, neskladan/tesko citljiv, disgrafican i izrazito disgrafican rukopis. Rezultati. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da 14,7% ispitanika ima infantilan rukopis. Disgrafija je identifikovana kod 12,2% ispitanika, dok je 8,3% ispitanika imalo neskladan rukopis. Pokazano je da se disgrafija znacajno vise ispoljava kod decaka nego kod devojcica. Istovremeno je utvrđen znacajno veci procenat disgrafija kod ispitanika ruralne nego urbane sredine. Zakljucak.Ispitivanje je pokazalo znacajan uticaj sredine i pola na pojavu disgrafije kod dece mlađeg skolskog uzrasta. Poređenje dobijenih rezultata sa rezultatima drugih autora ukazuje da se poslednjih godina povecao broj razvojnih disgrafija.

Uvod. Silovanje je seksualno nasilje uz primjenu tjelesne snage za koje se izricu stroge kaznene mjere, a ponasanje nasilnika je nagonsko uz promjenljivu psihoptologiju. Cilj istraživanja je da se provjeri destruktivan uticaj porodicnih i psihopatoloskih faktora na sve vise izražen stepen nasilja u BiH u periodu od 01. 01. 2003. do 31. 12. 2012. godine. Hipoteticno je u BiH seksualno nasilje izraženo u vecem stepenu nasilnosti. Metode. Eksperimentalnu grupu cini 150 lica forenzicki obrađenih koja su na tretmanu nakon silovanja. Kontrolna grupa se sastoji od 150 lica forenzicki obrađenih nakon recidivantnih drugih delikata. Dizajn je multicentricna longitudinalna studija. Mjerni instrumenti su: lista opstih podataka, Hamiltonova skala depresivnosti (HAMD), Skala zdravlja nacije (HoNOS), profil indeks emocija (P.I.E-Plutchic R). Rezultati su analizirani metodama deskriptivne statistike i multivarijantnom regresionom analizom. Rezultati. Multivarijantna regresiona analiza je pokazala da su sljedece varijable znacajno povezane sa nasiljem uz P<0,001: nezaposlenost [OR=0,770 (95%), CI=0,830-1,150], usamljenost [OR= 0,750 (95%), CI= 0,845 – 1,250], opsti kriminalitet [OR=0,910 (95%), CI= 0,875- 1,255], ratne posljedice [OR=0,920 (95%), CI=0,875-1,215], misli o seksu [OR= 0,770 (95%), CI=0,835-1,150], retardacija [OR=0,790 (95%),CI=0,880-1,125], kognitivni poremecaji [OR=0,910 (95%), CI=0,925-1,150], zastita [OR=0,770 (95%), CI=0,865 – 1,160], i istraživanje okoline [OR= 0,910 (95%), CI= 0,870-1,175]. Kod recidivantnih lica su signifikantni prediktori: obrazovanje [OR= 0,835 (95%), CI= 0,815 – 1,125], anksioznost [OR= 0,855 (95%), CI=0,870-1,250], depresivnost [OR=0,930 (95%), CI=0,830-0,990], vegetativni poremecaji [OR=0,855 (95%), CI=0,850- 1,155], inkorporacija [OR=0,835 (95%), CI=0,870-1,115] i lisavanje [OR=0,845 (95%),CI=0,7925-1,255] na P.I.E. testu. Zakljucak. Studija prikazuje porodicne i druge mikrosocijalne razlike. Visok je skor destrukcije nasilnika na psiholoskim testovima, sto daje psihopataloski sadržaj: poremecaj licnosti, rjeđe lica sa upotrebom psihoaktivnih supstanci. Forenzicki znacaj, osim ekspertize, cine i preporuke u tretmanu nasilnika i recidivantnih.

Tumori dojke su vodeći uzrok smrti kod nas i u svijetu. U zemljama u razvoju usljed slabo razvijene dijagnostike, kasnog javljanja ljekaru, teritorijalne udaljenosti i nedovoljnog sve ukupnog skrininga kao i slabe zdravstvene kulture broj umrlih je u porastu a pacijentkinje se javljaju uglavnom u odmakloj fazi bolesti. Postoji nekoliko metoda za otkrivanje promena u dojkama a u ovom radu će se diskutovati o nekim metodama koje se primenjuju u ranoj dijagnostic kod nas i o njihovom značaju u otkrivanju tumora dojke.

Uvod. Destruktivnost u agresivnom ponasanju se interpretira multikauzalno,a psihijatrijski uzroci su bioloske, socijalne i psihopatoloske prirode. Cilj jeispitivanje unistavanja života u formi suicida i homicida u Bosni i Hercegoviniu periodu od 01. 01. 2001. do 31. 12. 2010.Metode. Studija ima multicentricnu, retrospektivnu formu. Mjerni instrumentisu bili: lista opstih podataka, Hamiltonova skala (HAMD), profil indeksemocija (P.I.E-Plutchik R.) i postmortem SSIPA-intervju sa deskriptivnom imultivarijantnom statistickom analizom.Rezultati. Multivarijantna regresiona analiza je pokazala da su sljedecevarijable znacajno povezane sa suicidom: starost [OR= 0,810 (95%), CI=0,770 - 1,100, P=0,003]; migracije [OR=0,830 (95%), CI = 0,825 -1,125, P=0,001];depresija [OR=1,150 (95%); CI=0,790-0,990, P=0,001] i destruktivnost na P. I.E. testu. Sa homicidom su znacajno povezane sljedece varijable: edukacijaoca [OR=0,910 (95%), CI=0,620-1,100, P<0,001], život u blizini mjesta zlocina[OR=0,630 (95%), CI=0,970-0,910, P<0,001]; predgrađu [OR=0,850 (95%),CI = 0,930 -1,25, P<0,001]; destruktivnost [OR= 0,670 (95%), CI= 990–1,210,P<0,001]; inkorporacija, orijentacija i bias na P. I. E testu.Zakljucak. Studija je potvrdila porast destruktivnosti kod agresivnog ponasanjau suicidu i homicidu u Bosni i Hercegovini, sto ima medikolegalni znacaj.Studija ukazuje i na socijalne i psihopatoloske odlike pocinilaca agresivnostiu Bosni i Hercegovini.Kljucne rijeci: destruktivnost,

The genotoxicity of fumagillin was evaluated assessing the mitotic index and chromosome aberrations in mouse bone-marrow cells. Mice were given fumagillin orally in doses 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg bw. All doses significantly (p<0.001) reduced the mitotic index. The medium and maximum doses led to significant (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively) increases in numeric aberrations. The highest dose induced both structural and numeric aberrations (p<0.001), and insertions on the first pair of autosomes that were amplified in the 1C and 1E regions. These results pointed to the genotoxic potential of fumagillin in the range of medium and maximum doses applied.

Fumagillin is an antibiotic derived from the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. It has been used successfully for the treatment of intestinal microsporidiosis in HIV-positive humans, as well as in those suffering from intestinal amebiasis and microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis. In veterinary medicine it is approved for the treatment of microsporidiosis in bees and fish. In this research fumagillin was tested for the ability to provoke chromosomal aberrations in mouse bone marrow cells. BALB/c mice were administered fumagillin by gastric probe in doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg b.w. Water-sugary syrup was the negative and cyclophosphamide (15 mg/kg b.w.) the positive control. Significantly increased frequencies (p<0.01 or p<0.001) of numerical chromosomal aberrations (aneuploidies and poliploidies) was observed both in the medium (10 mg/kg b.w.) and the highest (20 mg/kg b.w.) dose of fumagillin. Structural chromosomal aberrations (gaps, breaks and insertions) were noticeably more frequent in comparison to negative control only in the highest experimental dose of dycikloheksilamine. These results clearly showed that fumagillin in concetrations 10 and 20 mg/kg b.w. had a genotoxic potential in vivo.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The caudate circuit takes part in cognitive control of motor activity. The purpose of the present work was registration and analysis of basic bioelectrical activity of ventral and dorsal sensory-motor cortex and nucleus caudate, study of the changes in EEG after nucleus caudate electrical stimulation and to identify of threshold level of electrical stimuli responsible for changes of electrical activity in registered brain area. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used 28 albino Wistar rat of both genders. After the animal fixation on stereotaxic apparatus to dry bone, the places for electrode fixation were marked. Two days after the electrodes had been implanted an EEG was registered so that the animals would adjust to the conditions and so they would repair the tissue reactions. EEG was registered with bipolar electrodes with ten-channeled apparatus. For first half an hour spontaneous activity of the brain was registered, and after that the head of nucleus caudate was stimulated with altered impulses of various voltages, frequency and duration. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Threshold values of electric stimulus intensity from 3 to 5 V, frequency from 3 to 5 Hz, duration from 3 to 5 ms, by stimulation the head of nucleus caudate of rat, lead to the change of basal bioelectric activity of cerebrum. The change of bioelectric activity is firstly recorded in equilateral cortex, and with the higher intensity of the stimulus the changes overtake the contra lateral cortex.