Product design and manufacturing leverage 3D scanning for various applications. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of 3D scanning in furniture production by surveying the literature and showcasing four real-world case studies. The literature review reveals that 3D data acquired from real-world objects have applications in research, rapid prototyping, restoration, and preservation of antique furniture, optimizing CNC machining processes, and measuring furniture components for quality control. The case study descriptions demonstrated the circumstances, rationale, and methodology for 3D scanning. All the case studies analyzed stem from the collaboration between the Laboratory for Product Development and Design at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Sarajevo and various furniture production enterprises from Bosnia and Herzegovina. The conclusions highlight that 3D scanning in the furniture sector is advantageous for developing computer-aided design models from early-stage design prototypes, validating the dimensional accuracy of manufactured components by comparing with CAD models, safeguarding and reconstructing vintage furniture, and remanufacturing formerly produced goods that lack complete technical records (reverse engineering).

The current paper investigates the effects of geometric design parameters on the fatigue failure of the drive axle housing using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The study examines the effects of various factors on the fatigue life of the drive axle housing, such as axle housing wall thickness, housing cross-sectional rounding radius, and rounding radius of the central part of the housing. Based on the known material properties and dynamic loads, a CAD/FEM model of the drive axle housing was developed, and a structural analysis was carried out. Based on the results of the structural analysis, critical places on the housing were determined, and fatigue analysis and lifetime prediction were performed. Through a series of simulations, the study reveals that increasing housing wall thickness can significantly improve fatigue performance. Similarly, increasing the rounding radius at the housing cross-section, as well as the rounding radius at the central part of the housing can also lead to improved fatigue performance. However, the effect of increasing the value of these two radii is not as significant as the effect of the wall thickness. These findings give useful information regarding the design and manufacture of drive axle housings for vehicles, intending to reduce the likelihood of fatigue failure.

The goal of this research is development, design and manufacturing of CNC milling machine prototype using standard aluminium profiles. Machine is a three axis’s machine and it is developed primarily for education in the field of wood machining. It can be used also for machining of light metal parts. Main initial goal of the machine development was the low cost for its manufacturing. To achieve this goal, rapid prototyping technology was used to manufacture most of the machine parts. In addition, a lot of standard parts are used. The detail methodology for machine development, design and manufacturing are shown in this paper. Design process includes development of CAD models, calculation of all necessary critical parts, selections of materials and development of machine subassemblies and assemblies.

This paper describes comparative analysis of the biomechanical performances conducted on the external fixation devices whose frames are made out of two different material (stainless steel and composite material). Biomechanical properties were determined with experimental and FEM (finite element method) models which are used to study the movement of the fracture crack, establish stiffness of the design solutions and monitor generated stresses on the zones of interest. Geometric modeling of two fixation devices configurations B50 and C50 is used as a basis for structural analysis under the impact of axial load. Structural analysis results are confirmed with an experimental setup. Analyzed deflection values in the load and fracture zones are used to define the exact values of the stiffness for the construction design and fracture, respectively. The carbon frame device configuration has 28% lower construction stiffness than the one with the steel frame (for B50 configuration), i.e., 9% (for C50 configuration). In addition, fracture stiffness values for the composite frame application are approximately 23% lower (B50 configuration), i.e., 13% lower (C50 configuration), compared to steel frame. The carbon frame device has about 33% lower stresses at the critical zones compared to the steel frame at the control zone MM+ and, similarly, 35% lower stresses at the control zone MM-. With an exhausting analysis of the biomechanical properties of the fixation devices, it can be concluded that steel frame fixation device is superior, meaning it has better biomechanical characteristics compared to carbon frame fixation device, regarding obtained data for stresses and stiffnesses of the frame construction and fracture. Considering stresses at the critical zones of the fixation device construction, the carbon frame device has better biomechanical performances compared to steel frame devices.

One of the most influential factors in the process of environmental pollution is road transport, i.e. emission of gaseous pollutants from road vehicles. An especially pronounced problem is the air pollution in urban areas, with a high concentration of road vehicles having very different driving regimes. The largest influence on pollutants emission of road vehicles is that of: − Technical and technological solutions used in internal combustion engines, which is directly connected with the given vehicle's particular year of production, − Engine type, − Fuel type and quality, − Vehicles concentration and use in certain areas, − Driving regimes, etc. For the purpose of getting a complete image of influences of road vehicles on pollutants emission, we have analyzed pollutants emission in an urban area with 100,000 registered vehicles, 60 % of which had diesel engines, with quite unfavorable age structure. The results have been compared with similar results in the Western European countries. Also, a review of modern technical accomplishments used in conventionally fueled vehicles for satisfying the European environmental legislation has been done in this paper. A special attention has been paid to alternative fuels, with the emphasis on the presently used fuels. Technical solution for the utilization of natural gas, as a very promising alternative fuel, and its influence on pollutants emission, has also been presented.