U radu su navedena najnovija saznanja o uzrocniku bolesti plavog jezika, patogenezi te klinickoj slici koja se javlja kod ovaca, goveda i koza. Također je ukazano na elemente koji pomažu u postavljanju sumnje, te pravilan odabir reprezentativnog uzorka koji se dostavlja u laboratoriju. Važnost preventivnih mjera, kao sto je smanjenje populacije vektora, ima poseban znacaj u smanjenju broja oboljelih životinja, odnosno sirenja virusa plavog jezika u populaciji domacih životinja.

Over 7 months of the year 2011, 7 LR type beehives were euthanized in order to count all the members of the community including the varroa mites (V. destructor). Next to 48.431 worker bees counted in all tested colonies, 3.492 or 7,2% varroa mites were found, while 1117 varroa mites were counted in the total number of larva found in all beehives. In January, the varoa mites were found on the floor coverings, and only one on the bees. In March, April and August the varroa were found on the adult bees, and only in August on the bees, bee larva and drones. Total varroa infestation of the drones was 346,4%, and of larva 10,3%. The aim of this study is to euthanize the bee colony in order to record every varroa mite found in it, and thus determine the absolute varroa number, its seasonal distribution and precise time for therapy. Key words: Varroa, honey bee, brood, larva

At the end of August 2002, clinical symptoms of bluetongue in the sheep flocks in northeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina were recorded. In an extensive testing campaign, a total of 8967 blood serra of sheep were tested for the presence of anti-bluetongue virus antibodies using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) and the standard agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test. The c-ELISA and the AGID test detected  BTV-seropositive reactions in 187 (1.94%) and 141 (1.53%) samples, respectively. Virus neutralizing test (VN) performed at the G. Caporale Institute in Teramo, Italy, detected serotype 9 bluetongue virus, which was at the time present throughout the Mediterranean basin. Key words: bluetongue virus (BTV), cELISA, AGID

Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic disease of a zoonotic character that occurs in cattle and a wide range of domestic and wild animals. In this paper, bovine tuberculosis caused by M. caprae in six small household herds in Bosnia and Herzegovina was described. For the identifi cation of the disease and determination of the causative agent comparative tuberculin skin test (TST), pathomorphology, microbiology and molecular methods were applied. Twenty-eight cows from fi ve households from the Livno region (25/28 animals) and one household from the Vitez region (3/28 animals) were euthanized after being found positive by the comparative TST test. Eleven animals from fi ve households from the Livno region (9/11 animals) and one household from the Vitez region (2/11 animals) were subject to fi eld necropsy, and lesions consistent with tuberculosis were observed on the lymph nodes of the thoracic cavity and lungs in all carcasses. Histopathologic examination by hematoxylin and eosin staining confi rmed the presence of specifi c granulomatous lesions, while Ziehl- Neelsen staining demonstrated the presence of very few acid fast bacteria. Mediastinal lymph nodes from seven necropsied animals (two animals from the Vitez region and fi ve animals from fi ve fl ocks from the Livno region) were submitted for bacteriology. Acid fast bacteria from fi ve out of the seven submitted samples from one animal from the Vitez region and four animals from four households from the Livno region were isolated. All isolates were identifi ed as M. caprae. By MIRU typing we found two different M. caprae genotypes, unique to Bosnia and Herzegovina. Our fi ndings represent the fi rst evidence of bovine tuberculosis caused by M. caprae in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Serotyping of five rabies virus isolates with monoclonal anti-nucleoprotein antibodies for classical rabies virus and rabies-related viruses and phylogenetic relationships among sequences indicate that viruses circulating in population of animals in Bosnia and Herzegovina belong to the sero-genotype 1 of classical rabies virus. Phylogenetic relationships among sequences of our viruses have shown the presence of two phylogenetic lines, one which is present in the northwestern part and other which is present in the northeastern part of the country. Our viruses are closely related to Westeuropean isolates of rabies virus.

At the end of August 2002, clinical symptoms of bluetongue (BT) (fever between 39 degrees C and 41 degrees C, muco-purulent or bloody nasal discharge, oedema of the lips and the intramandibular space, foot lesions including laminitis and coronitis in some cases, diarrhoea and dysentery) were recorded in Pramenka sheep flocks in north-east Bosnia in August 2002. A total of 9 599 serum samples (ovine: 8 967; bovine: 632) from 40 communities of Bosnia and Herzegovina were tested for the presence of anti-bluetongue virus (BTV) antibodies using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) and the standard agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test. The c-ELISA revealed BTV-seropositive reactions in 187 (1.94%) samples and the AGID test detected 141 (1.53%) cases. Complete agreement was recorded between the c-ELISA and AGID test results for bovine sera. These results indicate that the ability of c-ELISA to detect anti-bluetongue virus antibodies in ovine sera was superior to that of the AGID. All positive sera were collected from animals in the river areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina.