Natural and technological disasters in the European countries have caused significant loss of life and damage to structures and infrastructure, which has led to the ratification of conventions at world level in the field of disaster preparedness (Hyogo Framework for Action and Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Management).These strategies were also adopted at the lower levels of national decision-making in order to establish risk reduction and control on acceptable level. Since disasters can cause severe hazards on social infrastructure (healthcare facilities, schools etc.), these objects should be specifically treated in urban and spatial plans in terms of resilience-improvement. This paper presents methodology of Hospital Safety Index (HSI) adapted for the territory of Western Balkan countries, on the case study of seismic risk zone in the Kolubara Region in Serbia. This zone has history of seismic hazards, which have led to implementation of numerous spatial and urban plans for renovation and application of new measures in risk reduction. Main goal of the paper is to implement HSI as new methodology in spatial and urban planning, not only on healthcare facilities, but also on the wider network of social infrastructure that were and still are jeopardized by seismic risk. Also, the paper proposes measures and potential interventions for improvement of healthcare facilities in seismically vulnerable region of Kolubara, based on HSI.

Nutritional value of extra virgin olive oil is associated with its complex chemical composition. The aim of this study was to determine phenolic secoiridoids in EVOOs from autochthonous Croatian cultivars (Drobnica, Krvavica, Lastovka, and Oblica) by qNMR, to determine simple phenolics by UPLC, as well as to analyse the fatty acid profile, the antioxidant activity and the oxidative stability of selected oils. This is the first study on chemical and biological characterization of selected autochthonous olives varieties. Drobnica EVOO contained the highest amount of total phenols and major secoiridoid derivatives (oleocanthal, oleacein, oleuropein aglycon, and ligstroside aglycon) compared to other oils. The antioxidant activity of Drobnica phenolics was very high by FRAP and copper-induced LDL oxidation assays, while the oxidative stability of Drobnica oil by Rancimat method was very long (23 h). Practical applications: This study represents the contribution to the research of chemical and biological potential of monovarietal extra virgin olive oil from Croatia. EVOOs from selected Croatian autochthonous cultivars had very high phenolic content that is related to high inhibitory rate of copper-induced oxidation of human LDL as well as the long oxidative stability. Drobnica EVOO showed very long oxidative stability. EFSA approved health claim on olive oil polyphenols (EU, 432/2012) and selected Croatian cultivars, especially Drobnica, are of interest due to its high phenolic content and strong biological potential.

Among other pieces of architectural historical heritage in Sarajevo, and Bosnia-Herzegovina in general, the Austro-Hungarian architecture has preserved its original architectural, artistic and engineering characteristics. Both residential and public representative urban blocks, streets and squares are of distinguishable ambience in the architectural and urban image of the city and are testifying about our architectural past. A number of buildings is valorised and protected by law in terms of their architectural, artistic and historical value. In addition, these buildings have a distinct functional, ambiental, historical, and even aesthetical value. To make them last longer, refurbishment of these buildings is challenging and presents potential and multiple benefits for the city, and beyond. Refurbishing built environment through functional reorganizing, redesign and energy efficiency measures applications could result in prolonged longevity, architectural identity preservation and interior comfort improvement. Besides, implemented measures for energy efficiency, through the refurbishment process, should optimize the needs for energy consumption in treated buildings. This paper defines options in comfort improvements and redesign, without implying risks to the building longevity, analyses interventions and energy efficiency measures which would enable potential energy saving assessment in the refurbishment process of masonry buildings. This paper also discusses the different techniques that can be adopted for conservation and preservation of historical masonry buildings from the Austro-Hungarian period dealing with energy efficiency. The works were preceded by historical research and on-site investigations. This paper describes a methodology to quantify their vulnerability. A scheme of structural retrofitting is suggested following the research conducted. Revitalization of the building consisted in the reconstruction of the old building structure, creating the inner courtyard and covering it with a glass roof.

The Historical Museum, originally built as the Museum of Revolution in 1963, is an abstract modernist building; a stone-clad lapidary volume placed upon a transparent ground floor creates a strikingly simple and dramatic geometric and material contrast in the best manner of minimalism. The architects influenced by ‘less is more’ created an audacious building in architectural, material and structural scheme. In structural design and building physics less is, in most cases, simply less, and structural and surface/material deterioration is very visible on the building. This also affects the functionality of the entire building that needs to consume enormous amounts of energy (for cooling and heating), threatening an ever fragile budget of the institution of the museum. Due to its architectural values and cultural significance, the building is protected by law, as a national monument. Interventions must be performed to not only improve the conditions of the building but also maintain its original character and authenticity. A project for restoration of this building is emerging and proving to be even more challenging than initial estimates, especially for the structural aspects of the building that are far from current and needed dimensioning or fire protection codes, which is the case of many buildings from this era. The article will outline the proposals (part of the work is in implementation) and approach for restoration of several elements: structure, insulation, roof light, stone cladding and transparent façades. One of the most prominent features of the structure is the skeletal structure based on slender steel, +-shaped columns and hidden concrete grid beam system locked within thin slabs. This presents a challenging task for us – structural engineers and architects – to work in the domain of the hidden, the invisible in order to maintain the building’s original ethereal appearance.

High vertical form in architecture demonstrates a tendency towards something higher or divine, something beyond the ordinary life, more than something earthly, as if it is leading us, or helping us to hear voices and sound, or perhaps to see more clearly. High vertical form in architecture is not exclusively associated with religion. It is by all means a power, and demonstration of power. In the case of construction intervention of such objects, two problems immediately emerge: the first concerns the usual and expected approach, in the most number of cases, to keep the role and geometry of constructive, now damaged elements. This situation can be additionally complicated by request, or better to say a need, which is very often present, to strengthen those elements with respect to its original state. Other, perhaps even bigger problems, concerns the possibility of embedding. In this article ten minarets and church towers are presented, carefully chosen as representatives from threatened cultural heritage towers. The computer program SAP 2000 was used to analyze the towers with shell elements. Analysis has been conducted with altered mechanical properties of the materials towers are built from as follows: modulus of elasticity, Poison’s coefficient and specific weight of the material for the cases of better material characteristics and bad characteristics of the material in relation to the actual situation.

Successful realisation of any task assigned, including the reconstruction of damaged, or neglected buildings, requires methodical approach. If we are considering buildings of cultural-historical heritage, methodology of their reconstruction is set in more strict form than the one of ordinary buildings. Confirmation of this statement could be found within the legal regulations which, underlying the importance of cultural-historical heritage, specifically define what kinds of objects these are. A number of specialists of specific professions should participate in the process of reconstruction, especially important being the following ones: investor, beneficiary, architects and town planners, civil construction engineers of different specialties, particularly specialists in the fields of structuring, soil mechanics, geodesist, geologists, conservators and restaurateurs, archaeologists and art historians. This paper gives a framework methodological approach for realisation of reconstruction of buildings (or ensembles) of cultural-historical heritage. Furthermore, the paper gives orientation cell-chart of the order of above described activities � the levels of detection and diagnostics of object damages. Starting from the assumption that a valid detection has been preformed, including the set definition of the causes of object damages, and considering buildings' function(s), it is possible to make a decision on measures to be taken in order to restore building's functions, or in other words on their future status. With this purpose a cell-chart will be given, outlining a number of actions to be undertaken within repair work and reinforcement of the damaged buildings.

For centuries, the City of Jajce has been the crossroads of routes leading from the inner continent towards the Mediterranean. The entire complex of the Jajce Fortress, with the city walls and towers, lies at the southern slopes of a large stone "pyramid", enclosed to the northwest by the bed of River Pliva, and to the northeast by the River Vrbas. The perimeter of the mediaeval town of Jajce is about 1300 m, with an area of 112,000 sq.m. Jajce Fortress is located in the northwest part of the city area, at the top of a hill. The shape of the fortress is of irregular quadrilateral. There are two strong four-sided towers placed at north-western and south-eastern angles. At the top, the walls end with defending walls of lime stone. Out of the original medieval defending walls � shields, only 4 are preserved, located above the Papaz Tower. The full width of this wall is approximately 4,0 m. The causes of damages are the following: first of all � precipitation water, poor connection between the wall facing and wall filling, bad quality of walls and connecting material, temperature changes, frost and generally the influence of atmospheric agents, influence of vegetation present at the wall surface and at the majority of horizontal surfaces. Also, defending walls and the walking lane lack adequate hydro-isolation, which all together contributed to looseness and increased humidity of wall filling, and caused serious deterioration of the part of existing fortress.

The authors were investigating the histochemical and electron microscopic characteristics of thyreocytes in pinealectomized rats treated with melatonin, prior to irradiation. They observed that the animals that did not receive melatonin show a higher degree of the destruction appearing at the level of all ultrastructural organelles and a very low expression of the DNA and RNA histochemical reaction. These results suggest the role of melatonin in the determination of the thyreocyte behaviour under given irradiation conditions.