Academic mobility is a valuable and indispensable mechanism in each country's higher education quality assurance system. It also contributes to building and improving the capacities of individual universities because it enables the introduction of positive and proven teaching practices, modern teaching and research methods, and operational and administrative processes. The added value of mobility is the establishment of personal contacts and professional networking of teaching, scientific, artistic and non-teaching staff of the University of Sarajevo (from now on: "UNSA"), which has a long-term effect on the development of teaching, scientific and technological capacity. Studying through mobility gets an international note - students understand their work in a global context, their CV is enriched with new experiences, their knowledge of a foreign language (s) is improved, and after graduation, they become a competitive workforce. Teaching / scientific, artistic and non-teaching staff gain international experience through mobility, improve themselves, participate in active professional development, and increase the quality of the working environment. In the last 15 years, the University of Sarajevo has had over 2,500 outgoing mobility while hosting more than 1,500 international students, teaching / scientific, artistic and non-teaching staff. The mobility of students and staff significantly improves both the quality and the professional standard of UNSA activities. It indirectly contributes to the development and transformation of society as a whole. Through the integration of UNSA, many processes are uniform and simplified, but still, the heterogeneity and specificity of each organizational unit are present. In addition to all the benefits of student mobility, the most significant administrative challenge is the equivalence and recognition of ECTS credits earned at foreign institutions upon return to home institutions. Student services are faced with many formalities around keeping registers and other administrative forms that need to be tailored to exchange students. The current legal regulations in higher education do not value participation in mobility programs, which is undoubtedly not motivating for students and staff to get involved in them. On the contrary, the current vague legal framework and administrative barriers are significantly demotivating for students as they lose a semester or school year due to participation in mobility programs. It is necessary to develop more adequate regulations that will encourage more frequent, productive, more straightforward and better implementation of academic mobility for students. This could be achieved through participation in programs intended for international students (one-year specialist study, master's degree, dual education, summer schools, etc.). It is necessary to develop mechanisms for adequate evaluation of mobility for teaching, artistic and scientific staff of UNSA, which is particularly important for advancement to higher academic titles. It is also crucial to promote the exchange of administrative staff, which is often unjustifiably neglected, to improve the administrative processes at UNSA and its (sub) organizational units. To achieve this, we should be focused on developing cooperation with potential partners interested in administrative / non-teaching staff mobility.

In a post conflict zone, restoration of monuments is not only a scientific or technical matter but also a highly symbolic and emotional act of reclaiming culture, identity and urban form. In Bosnia and Herzegovina minarets are shaped by local building traditions and materials, influenced by the ottoman classical minaret format. Most of the prominent mosques have stone minarets, especially in regions abundant with suitable stone and craftsmanship. Wooden minarets were usually built alongside local neighbourhood mosques and they defined city image due to their frequent occurrence in most parts of the urban core. Restoration of these two types of minarets is significantly different mainly due to the nature of the material itself. Interventions on stone minarets were carried out through reconstruction and re-composition of elements, based on documentation about the structure. Stone remains were actually the prime source of information for geometry and breadth of the minaret body and for the complex structural considerations – mainly how to counteract the tension forces. Restoration of wooden minarets had its own challenges, due to the fact that after a major destruction its parts could not be reused and there was less available documentation about the original state. The paper will consider different parameters and make a comparative analysis on both typologies, from materials, structure, aspects of intervention and their subsequent role in restoring the historic urban landscape.

The Historical Museum, originally built as the Museum of Revolution in 1963, is an abstract modernist building; a stone-clad lapidary volume placed upon a transparent ground floor creates a strikingly simple and dramatic geometric and material contrast in the best manner of minimalism. The architects influenced by ‘less is more’ created an audacious building in architectural, material and structural scheme. In structural design and building physics less is, in most cases, simply less, and structural and surface/material deterioration is very visible on the building. This also affects the functionality of the entire building that needs to consume enormous amounts of energy (for cooling and heating), threatening an ever fragile budget of the institution of the museum. Due to its architectural values and cultural significance, the building is protected by law, as a national monument. Interventions must be performed to not only improve the conditions of the building but also maintain its original character and authenticity. A project for restoration of this building is emerging and proving to be even more challenging than initial estimates, especially for the structural aspects of the building that are far from current and needed dimensioning or fire protection codes, which is the case of many buildings from this era. The article will outline the proposals (part of the work is in implementation) and approach for restoration of several elements: structure, insulation, roof light, stone cladding and transparent façades. One of the most prominent features of the structure is the skeletal structure based on slender steel, +-shaped columns and hidden concrete grid beam system locked within thin slabs. This presents a challenging task for us – structural engineers and architects – to work in the domain of the hidden, the invisible in order to maintain the building’s original ethereal appearance.

City is a living organism in a continuous evolutive process; its historic core evolves with it as well. Current transformations create ever more tensions between the need for preservation of historic urban areas, being the identification parameters of culture and the need for modernisation and inclusion into flow of contemporary city life. This paper aims to provide insight into intricate action that will allow both, preservation and development to work together to create better living conditions. All complexities and dualities encountered though the processes of urban transformation are tools for generating guidelines and procedures concerning the interventions within a historic urban area. Systematic research and analyses of the past, of the changes that occurred in previous times, as well as their adequate evaluation is the essence of decision making in urban transformations, which is further supported by the Case study presented. In order to be successful, transformative processes must be in agreement with not only the physical manifestation of heritage, but also with the underlying processes and circumstances that created the place in all of its peculiarities and uniqueness. A methodological procedure is established and defined by actions on design projects and urban spatial entities that is a contribution to the general theoretical background of urban design.