The expanding research on team emergent states explains many facets of team dynamics in an entrepreneurial context. However, the interactions between team emergent states are still unknown. Detached from team emergent states, studies on student entrepreneurship have disclosed findings clustered around students' entrepreneurial intentions while neglecting the issue of persistence with a developed business idea. This study contributes to the literature by proposing an intersection between team emergent states and student entrepreneurial education research via a model where transactive memory systems mediate the effect of team efficacy on team persistence. The model is tested on a sample of student teams using a partial least‐square structural equation modelling approach. The findings support the proposed indirect effect. The study offers theoretical implications for team emergent states and policy implications for entrepreneurial education.

The relationship between firms’ exports and increases in productivity is generally regarded as positive. While the causal effects of process innovation are straightforward and positive, the effect of product innovation on productivity is ambiguous. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence on a joint effect that innovation and exports have on firms’ productivity. In our attempt to fill this gap, we explore individual and joint effects of innovation and exports on productivity by employing cross-sectional firm-level data. We use the sixth wave of the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS VI: 2018–2020) conducted by the EBRD and the World Bank. Using a stratified random sampling, the data was collected from interviews with representatives of randomly chosen firms from 32 countries. The overall results suggest that exporting firms are more productive than non-exporters, while the impact of innovation is more heterogeneous. Whereas EU and high-income countries reap the productivity benefits, this effect is absent in other regions and countries with medium and low-income levels. Finally, our results indicate the absence of a joint effect of innovation and exports on productivity, across different geographical regions and countries of different income levels.

This study analyzes how service-learning contributes to the level of commitment to environmental sustainability in higher education institutions (HEIs), as perceived by their students. The empirical analysis has been conducted by using the PLS-SEM modelling, on a sample of 366 undergraduate students of business from Croatia and Bosnia & Herzegovina. The obtained results support the hypothesized influence of the service-learning development level on the sustainability commitment in higher education. We also consider the indirect effects within the model. They show that service-learning mediates the relationships between students’ idealism and sustainability commitment, as well as between students’ social trust and sustainability commitment. Implications of obtained empirical results for theory and higher education practice are discussed. The potential for generalizing results for other sustainability interventions is assessed.

Abstract This study analyses the relationship of environmental sustainability and the corporate social responsibility (CSR) of business schools by using the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) empirical approach on a sample of 338 students from South East Europe. In support of the extant theory of responsible management education, emphasizing the transdisciplinary relationship between the Ethics, CSR, and Sustainability (ERS) domains, we found a direct relationship between environmental sustainability and CSR of business schools. However, we empirically verified a path of indirect effects at the institutional level, starting with the idealism of individual students, leading to the CSR institutional involvement of a business school, mediated by its environmental involvement. Provided that the idealistic individuals might be driving the functioning of the individual responsible management education and its domains, we propose the existence of a potential halo effect ('ERS halo effect'), which has already been described and verified in the corporate sector. We believe that its dynamics, based on the biased assessment of a single business school ERS domain, with its outcomes reflected in the other domains, should be further explored in different institutional and cultural environments.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether public health entrepreneurship principles implementation in the public health sector are alternative ways of promoting an immediate improvement of healthcare infrastructure. To contribute to the literature on the impact of public health entrepreneurship on public healthcare infrastructure, we estimate two empirical models, with the first model having institutions and the second model having public healthcare policies as the dependent variable. Our empirical analysis is based on the WHO international health regulation data for all WHO member countries (in order to achieve a balanced panel, we decided to retain 192 of them), covering the period from 2010 through to 2019. The main results obtained using a Poisson panel regression indicate a positive relationship between employing more entrepreneurship within public healthcare and the quality of public healthcare infrastructure represented through institutions and policies. This study produces several contributions to the stream of research on public health entrepreneurship. First, it makes a theoretical contribution in the way that it fills the lacking literature on the relationship between entrepreneurship within the public health sector and efficiency of country-specific public healthcare infrastructure. Second, it offers an empirical quantitative analysis of entrepreneurship that is generally lacking. Concerning policy implications, the third contribution of this paper is the provision of evidence showing alternative ways to improve healthcare infrastructure other than traditionally observed investments in physical infrastructure.

Background Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) is among the top 10 countries in the world in terms of number of smokers. The cigarette prices in B&H are under a direct impact of state excise tax policy. The specific excise on cigarettes was introduced in B&H in 2009. Since then it has been increasing every year thus being the main driver of cigarette prices growth. Methods In this paper we estimate price elasticity of demand for cigarettes following Deaton demand model and apply it on microdata obtained from the Household Budget Surveys in B&H conducted in 2011 and 2015. Deaton model uses within-cluster information to estimate total expenditure elasticities and then uses between-cluster information to estimate price elasticities. For B&H, the cluster is defined as a municipality × in the year t. Our sample contains 14 252 households, divided into 267 clusters. Results Our results show that the price elasticity is statistically significant and amounts to −1.366. This means that if cigarette prices in B&H are increased by 10%, the demand for cigarettes would decrease by 13.66%. Conclusions We found a negative price elasticity of demand for cigarettes of −1.366. These results of the econometric estimate of elasticity of demand are more elastic compared with the results of similar surveys carried out on the sample of low and middle-income countries. It demonstrates that the demand for cigarettes responds strongly to the price increase.

Tobacco consumption continues to be behavior engaged in by a large percentage of Bosnia & Herzegovina (BiH) citizens. According to the official statistics, nearly half of the state’s adults, that is about 1,200,600 people, consume tobacco products on a daily bases. The state excise policy is one of the main available tools for reducing smoking prevalence because cigarette prices are under the direct impact of this policy. The specific excise on cigarettes introduced in BiH in 2009 and has increased every year so it was the main driver of cigarette price growth. In order to provide research-based evidence for more effective tobacco taxation policies in BIH, in this paper we estimate the price elasticity of demand for cigarettes using the macro-level data for the period 2008 to 2017, on a semi-annual basis. The results have shown that the increase in prices of cigarettes has a statistically significant impact on cigarette consumption, at a significance level of 1%. The estimated price elasticity coefficient is in the range from -0.71 to -0.83, depends on the selected control variables used in the model. It means that the increase in real cigarette prices for 10% led to a decrease in cigarette consumption in the range from 7.1% to 8.3%.

The education system at all levels in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), in an emerging and small open transitional economy is still insufficiently focused on strengthening the entrepreneurial spirit of young people, as well as encouraging young people to self-employment as a career option. The purpose of the research is to analyze the development of the entrepreneurial ecosystem of University of Banja Luka (UNIBL) and to model the future contours of a reformed modern medium-sized public university in small developing economies, with the focus on building campuses as entrepreneurial ecosystems. From empirical research carried out in 2018 by using a factor and correlation analysis, it can be concluded that UNIBL does not have the characteristics of an entrepreneurial university and that it is necessary to transform the university. A modified model of the entrepreneurial ecosystem of the University of Chicago adapted to small transition emerging economies was proposed.

Youth unemployment rate in Bosnia andHerzegovina (BiH) is one of the largest in the world. Ahigh percentage of unemployed and inactive young peopleis the result of on the one hand, insufficiently rapid economicdevelopment of small post-transition economies andon the other hand, the mismatch of supply and demand inthe labor market. In the long run, reformed modern formaleducation at all levels, as well as non-formal education,particularly entrepreneurship and STEAMeducation, could make a significant contribution to economicgrowth and development of small post-transitiondeveloping economies, by strengthening the entrepreneurialecosystem of educational institutions at all levels and thedevelopment of entrepreneurship. The goal of the researchis, through the review of empirical studies, to analyze successfulpractices of applying entrepreneurship educationand building the entrepreneurial ecosystem in primary, secondaryand higher education and modeling strategic directionsof curriculum reforms at all levels of the educationsystem in small post-transition developing economies, witha focus on the reform of the education system of higher educationin the Republic of Srpska and Bosnia and Herzegovina.We used historical method, method ofclassification, method of analysis and synthesis, and a casestudy. In the case study, on the example of the University ofBanja Luka (UNIBL), we can conclude that UNIBL stilldoes not have the characteristics of entrepreneurship universityand that the reform of the University is necessary.

Tobacco consumption continues to be behavior engaged in by a large percentage of Bosnia&Herzegovina (BiH) citizens. According to the official statistics, nearly half of the state’s adults, that is about 1,200,600 people, consume tobacco product on a daily bases. The state excise policy is one of the main available tool for reducing smoking prevalence because the cigarette prices are under direct impact of this policy. The specific excise on cigarettes introduced in BiH in 2009 and have increased every year so it was the main driver of cigarettes price growth. In order to provide research-based evidence for more effective tobacco taxation policies in BIH, in this paper we estimate price elasticity of demand for cigarettes using the macro level data for the period 2008 to 2017, on a semi-annual basis. The results have shown that increase in prices of cigarettes have statistically significant impact on cigarettes consumption, at significance level of 1%. The estimated price elasticity coefficient is in the range from -0.71 to -0.83, depends on the selected control variables used in the model. It means that increase in real cigarettes prices for 10% led to the decrease in cigarettes consumption in the range from 7.1% to 8.3%.

Abstract Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) has a relatively low level of entrepreneurial activity as evidenced by GEM reports but also has an economic structure in which SMEs account for about 99% of the total number of enterprises. The goal of this paper was to examine the level of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and influence of EO on business performances of SMEs in the Republic of Srpska (RS), one of the two BiH entities, in which the empirical research was done. We have used adapted Covin & Slevin (1989) version of the questionnaire. We found out that only 12.28% of sampled SMEs have all three dimensions of EO pronounced. The least pronounced dimension is risk-taking and the most pronounced dimension is proactiveness. Our research did not confirm the impact of EO on selected indicators of business performances.

New technologies are leading to changes in business models. Skills needed to perform most jobs are changing profoundly. Their acquisition and development are becoming crucial for the success and modernization of the labour market offering new forms of flexibility and security for job seekers, employees and employers. The era of automation necessitates the development of not only digital, but also social and emotional skills. Development of creativity, innovation, analytical and critical thinking, communication, negotiation and decision-making skills are gaining in importance. These skills, an integral part of entrepreneurship competence, are developed through entrepreneurship education. In today's world, this form of education is approached not only in the narrow sense, as a process of preparing for business creation, but also in a wider context, as a process of developing entrepreneurial mindset and skills and personal qualities that have universal application. There are several approaches, methods and models of entrepreneurship education. Serbia does not yet have a clearly defined strategy for developing this type of education. Aimed at providing recommendations for the selection of optimal solutions, an assessment study of the effects of the 'Student Company' method of entrepreneurship education, recognized globally as a model of good practice, was carried out within our education system. The research has shown that, according to the assessment of 175 teachers involved in the programme, the 'Student Company' method also gives excellent results in our country. This speaks in favour of its inclusion in all secondary schools in Serbia as an informal type of education.

Smoking is an endemic problem in Bosnia & Herzegovina (BiH), and BiH is among the top 10 countries in the world for cigarettes consumption (World Atlas, 2018). The state excise policy is one of the main available tool for reducing smoking prevalence because the cigarette prices are under direct impact of this policy. The specific excise on cigarettes introduced in BiH in 2009 and have increased every year so it was the main driver of cigarettes price growth. In order to determine effect of increase in cigarette prices, and thus effect of excise policy on demand for cigarettes in BIH, in this paper we estimate price elasticity of demand for cigarettes. We follow Deaton (1988) demand model and apply it on micro data, obtained from the Household Budget Surveys in BiH in 2011 and 2015. Our results show that the price elasticity coefficient is statistically significant and amounts to -0.65. This means that if cigarette prices in BIH increase by 10%, the demand for cigarettes, among smokers of cigarettes, will decrease by 6.5% i.e. continuous increasing in specific excise in BiH can be efficient measure for reducing smoking prevalence in BiH.