Vertical temperature profiles represent a very important factor for various analytical and numerical studies, such as weather forecasts, air pollution models and CFD simulations. These temperature profiles are especially important during the winter periods, when temperature inversions occur. The cities in the natural valleys, such as the city of Sarajevo, B&H, are strongly affected by this phenomenon. In this paper, a method for quantitative characterization of vertical temperature profiles, which is based on the in-house developed data acquisition system and the unmanned aerial vehicle, is presented. Comprehensive calibration and verification procedure was performed and explained in details. Field measurements were focused on the winter period and extreme temperature inversion scenarios. The correlation with the air pollution in the city, for the same period, was discussed as well.

The modeling of pollutant’s concentration in an artificial specific lake, created after coal mining with toxic organic chemicals is the subject of this paper. Typical modeling aim is to predict the pollutant concentration in the lake and its time evolution from field and laboratory observations. The lakes behaves as a completely mixed system with constant concentration everywhere in the lake water and equal concentration in water flowing out from the lake. As we found relevant observations from specific location including collection of sufficient field data, the parameterization of the selected model with calibration, testing and model sensitivity analysis were made.

The basic and to a certain level acceptable explanation of the physical processes that underlie the fundamental working function /mode/ many measurement techniques is provided. These are actually the physical processes that enable the functioning of many modern measuring/technical instruments, which are widely used in scientific laboratories and today's technologies. Examples of those are electrical sensors found in circuits, magnetic field sensors, specific mechanical sensors, mass flow and stress/strain sensors, various interferometers and spectrometers (Laser Doppler anemometers (LDA, PDA, CTA)), atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscope (STM) used for exploring properties of materials etc. Special attention is paid to some of the phenomena used in crystallography, to commemorate the centennial of Nobel Prize in Physics “for the discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals”, given to Max von Laue, as well as to the measurement techniques for environmental issues research.