Landslides pose a serious hazard worldwide, and monitoring their slow displacements is crucial for early warning and risk mitigation [1]. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) sensors provide continuous 3D positioning in all weather, but conventional geodetic-grade GNSS are expensive and fragile in harsh terrain. Recent years have seen the rise of low-cost GNSS units that offer centimeter-level accuracy at a fraction of the cost [2]. This paper reviews technical innovations that enable such performance, focusing on real field deployments. Key advances include high-precision positioning techniques (RTK and Precise Point Positioning, PPP) and hybrid PPP-RTK corrections that speed up convergence, data-driven approaches like “Virtual RINEX” (VRINEX) to emulate reference observations [3] [4], and integration of inexpensive MEMS inertial sensors to suppress GNSS noise [5]. Open-source processing (e.g. RTKLIB-based workflows) and community tools now make low-cost GNSS monitoring more accessible. Field tests confirm that properly deployed dual-frequency low-cost GNSS stations can track subcentimeter displacements. We summarize 14 representative studies, compare their setups and results (Tables 1&2), and conclude that multi-constellation dual-frequency receivers, short baselines or VRINEX references, and hybrid processing are recommended for cost-effective landslide monitoring. Future work should emphasize long-term autonomous networks and real-time PPP-RTK services to further democratize GNSS hazard monitoring.

Monitoring landslide activity demands positioning systems that can operate continuously in difficult terrain while maintaining high accuracy. Traditional geodetic GNSS receivers provide excellent precision but are often too costly and delicate for large-scale deployments. Recent developments in affordable GNSS hardware have opened new opportunities for building dense monitoring networks at a fraction of the expense. This paper reviews the hardware components most critical to such systems, including receiver types, antennas, power solutions, and communication links. Low-cost single-frequency devices, such as u-blox modules, demonstrate promising results under favorable conditions, though they require longer convergence times. Dual-frequency receivers, such as the ZED-F9P, deliver faster initialization and more reliable precision, albeit with higher cost. Antenna configuration further influences performance, with geodetic-grade options ensuring stability and calibrated patch antennas offering practical compromises. Field deployments typically integrate solar panels with battery storage and rely on cellular or radio communication for real-time data transfer. With overall system costs ranging from €500 to €1500 per station, properly configured low-cost units have proven capable of tracking ground displacements with sufficient accuracy for landslide monitoring. The evidence suggests that careful hardware integration, balancing receiver choice, antenna performance, autonomous power supply, and connectivity is key to designing effective and resilient GNSS monitoring networks.

This scoping review examines the use of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in glioblastoma (GBM), a predominant and aggressive brain tumor. Categorizing gene targets into distinct groups, this review explores their roles in cell cycle regulation, microenvironmental dynamics, interphase processes, and therapy resistance reduction. The complexity of CRISPR-Cas9 applications in GBM research is highlighted, providing unique insights into apoptosis, cell proliferation, and immune responses within the tumor microenvironment. The studies challenge conventional perspectives on specific genes, emphasizing the potential therapeutic implications of manipulating key molecular players in cell cycle dynamics. Exploring CRISPR/Cas9 gene therapy in GBMs yields significant insights into the regulation of cellular processes, spanning cell interphase, renewal, and migration. Researchers, by precisely targeting specific genes, uncover the molecular orchestration governing cell proliferation, growth, and differentiation during critical phases of the cell cycle. The findings underscore the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in unraveling the complex dynamics of the GBM microenvironment, offering promising avenues for targeted therapies to curb GBM growth. This review also outlines studies addressing therapy resistance in GBM, employing CRISPR/Cas9 to target genes associated with chemotherapy resistance, showcasing its transformative potential in effective GBM treatments.

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the latest Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technologies that are being used to enhance smart and sustainable agriculture practices. The review was conducted using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) instructions as a report standard and different inclusion and exclusion criteria were utilized. To ensure data accuracy, reduce bias, and manage references, the Zotero tool was used. The agriculture industry is facing numerous challenges, such as water scarcity, soil degradation, and climate change, which can be mitigated through the integration of modern technologies. FPGAs have emerged as a promising solution in agriculture due to their high performance, flexibility, and low power consumption. In this paper, we discuss various FPGA-based solutions that are being developed to address key agricultural challenges, including precision farming, crop monitoring, livestock management, and environmental sensing. Authors also review FPGA architectures and programming tools that are specifically designed for agricultural applications. The use of FPGA-based systems in precision agriculture has resulted in numerous benefits, including reducing energy consumption, water usage, and temperature while expanding the range of applications. Additionally, the combination of IoT and FPGA is proving to be a promising solution for livestock management, and FPGA technology has also shown promise in energy efficiency and plant disease diagnosis. Overall, FPGA technology has proven to be a valuable tool in various aspects of agriculture, with its use expected to increase in the future.

As a consequence of the progress of the modern mobile medicine, wearable technologies, especially ECG wearables tend to become indispensable part of peoples' lives. As applications and devices for tracking cardiac electrical activity are rapidly entering the market, it is important to compare individual ECG wearable devices. This review takes a systematic approach on the analysis of wearable ECG devices. It provides a detailed introduction on the updated methods, to create a comparison between individual features of devices, and to evaluate techniques for fall risk assessment, diagnosis, and prevention. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) instructions were used as a report standard. In an effort to collect the appropriate data, various databases were queried together with specific subject-oriented keywords. This was combined with different inclusion and exclusion criteria to find the relevant data. To further improve the data gathering and reduce bias, a Zotero tool was used. The results of this paper show the comparison of the different devices and their features. All findings can be observed in the table and in words. As information for the QardioCore are scarce, all six authors consolidated on the VitalCore being the most accurate ECG wearable device, as its sensitivity and specificity are the highest. Recent advances in wearable ECG devices allow for more trouble free out of clinic fall risk assessment, detection and prevention. As people tend to prefer the comfort of their home over doctors, such progress will assure the everyday emerging of new wearables.