Banks in the Republic of Srpska are one of the most important drivers of the economy and household savings. The activity of the financial market of the Republic of Srpska is low and banks are still the main source of funding. The question of the objective ranking of banks based on business results is an important element in the business decisions made by companies and the population. A bank’s position and quality would depend on the criteria to be included in the analysis. The professional literature recommends that banks’ liquidity, profitability, efficiency and solvency should be monitored. In most cases, whether to rank banks based on liquidity or adequacy or on another indicator is doubtful. The best picture of the state of the banks is obtained when all indicators are involved in such ranking. The aim of this study is to define and rank the banks headquartered in the Republic of Srpska by following a total of four indicators. In this paper, the calculation of banks’ liquidity, efficiency, profitability and solvency based upon the publicly presented audit reports for the years 2013 and 2014 is given. Then, the statistical model that absorbs information and generates the final ranking of banks in the RS is defined. The subject of the study is the banks that operate and are headquartered in the RS. The hypothesis is to determine their rankings based on their business performance.

Sustainability in a supply chain is a demand on the one hand and a challenge on the other. It is necessary to balance between these dimensions in order to fulfill the purpose of the supply chain. Therefore, in the first phase—i.e., in procurement—it is necessary to take into account its sustainability. In this paper, a sustainable supplier was selected respecting all three aspects of sustainability. The evaluation was carried out on the basis of a total of 21 criteria arranged into two levels and three groups. A new Interval Rough SAW (simple additive weighting) method, which represents a contribution to the treatment of problems belonging to the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM), was developed. The integration of interval rough numbers with the SAW method was completed. In addition, the full consistency method (FUCOM) was applied to determine the weights of the criteria. The integrated FUCOM-Interval Rough SAW model enables treatment of multi-criteria problems while reducing subjectivity to the lowest possible level and eliminating uncertainties and ambiguities. The results obtained were determined throughout a sensitivity analysis consisting of a change in the weight of the criteria and the influence of dynamic matrices on the change in ranks. In addition, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (SCC) was calculated to confirm the stability of the previously obtained results.

Distributed Generation has created the need for new types of smart dc grids developments. The multiple generation sources, bi-directional power flow, power flow time co-ordination and management bring significant benefits as well as challenges for current ac electrical grids and emerging dc microgrids. In particular, the effect of voltage weak distribution systems on protection concepts and approaches needs to be understood, investigated, and accounted for. This paper describes principles of protection of voltage weak dc grid concepts. New alternative protection designs are proposed and their benefits and challenges are discussed. Likewise, special circuit configurations are proposed to improve fault discrimination. Fault-induced voltage transients are used to detect and isolate faulty part of the dc distribution grid.

This paper reviews the currently available dc micro-grids and dc grids. Currently, commonly existing and proposed dc microgrids are designed to provide sufficeint energy during system disturbance as in ac grid and, are mainly voltage stiff systems. It also compares the voltage stiff systems to a low energy system, which represents voltage weak dc system, from systems point of view. First, the definition of voltage weak dc systems is provided from a system perspective. Comparisons of both dc systems are reviewed on stability complexity, fault detection and isolation strategies and devices, and power management approaches. Various challenges and opportunities of voltage weak dc systems are briefly addressed. And also several architectures and topologies for voltage weak dc distribution systems are reviewed. Finally, this paper identifies a comparative advantage of such systems from a control, protection and system operation standpoints.