Introduction. The patient and his safety should be at the center of quality health care, which is a challenge for every health system. Adverse patient outcomes (APO) are defined as damage caused by a drug or other intervention in a primary, secondary or tertiary health care facility, which results in a complication of the primary or the emergence of a new disease or injury. The aim of our study was to determine how frequent the APO are, and to determine the differences between nurses and doctors in the frequency, causes and attitudes towards APO. Methods. This cross-sectional study included 100 health professionals, nurses and medical doctors employed at the primary and secondary level of health care. The research was conducted in the period from May to October 2020. The questionnaire was partially taken from a general questionnaire offered on the website of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the standardized Perceived stress scale was used to measure the degree of subjective stress. Results. Forty-four health professionals (44%) experienced adverse patient outcomes in their career, doctors (52%) significantly more often than nurses (36%) (p = 0.039). More than a half of respondents (52.3%) declared that APO happens few times a month. Seventy percent of the respondents blame their own stress burden as the main factor associated with APO. Doctors more often than nurses (69.2%) blame problems in communication between health professionals as the main cause of APO (27.8%) (p = 0.046). Conclusion. For doctors, the main cause of APO is problem in communication, while nurses more often think that patient safety is priority when compared to doctors. Almost two thirds of respondents blame their own stress burden as a factor associated with APO.

Djeca sa smetnjama u razvoju manifestuju teškoće u razvoju i ne dosežu zadovoljavajući nivo razvoja, naročito ako im se ne pruži podrška u vidu njege i obrazovanja. Viši nivoi empatije su značajan faktor koji može uticati na pojavu pozitivnijih stavova učenika prema vršnjacima sa smetnjama u razvoju. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se procjeni da li empatija ima uticaj na stavove učenika prema vršnjacima sa smetnjama u razvoju. Studija je obuhvatila 120 učenika 4. i 5. razreda osnovnih škola, oba pola, uzrasta 10 i 11 godina. Istraživanje je rađeno u Banjaluci tokom 2020.godine. Ispitanici su podijeljeni na dvije grupe, one koji su pohađali nastavu sa učenicima sa smetnjama u razvoju i one koji nisu. Za ispitivanje stavova učenika prema učenicima sa smetnjama u razvoju korištena je Čedok Mekmaster skala, dok je za procjenu empatije korišten Indeks međuljudskog reagovanja. Korelacionom analizom utvrđena je značajna (r=0,18; p<0,05) pozitivna povezanost između stavova učenika prema vršnjacima sa smetnjama u razvoju i zauzimanja perspektive. Učenici koji pohađaju nastavu sa učenicima sa smetnjama u razvoju imaju značajno (t=-2,3; p=0,02) niže vrijednosti ukupnog skora stavova (3,05±0,28) u odnosu na učenike koji ne pohađaju (3,16±0,28). Naše istraživanje je pokazalo da empatija imaju značajan uticaj na stavove učenika prema vršnjacima sa smetnjama u razvoju i da učenici sa višim nivoem empatije imaju pozitivniji stav prema ovim vršnjacima. Takođe, učenici koji su u inkluziji imaju negativniji stav prema vršnjacima ometenim u razvoju u odnosu na učenike koji nisu u inkluziji.

Introduction. Inhalation of coal dust during blasting in brown coal mines has been shown to lead to a lung disease called pneumoconiosis. There is very little data in the literature on the direct impact of coal on the quality of life of people who work in coal mines as well as the body's immune response to the effects of coal dust. The aim was to examine the immune response to exposure to coal dust in miners in a brown coal mine and whether mine workers have poorer quality of life compared to those not exposed to coal dust. Methods. This is a cross-sectional study among 100 employees in the Brown Coal Mine in Ugljevik, of which 50 of them are exposed to coal dust on a daily basis. Blood samples were taken from all subjects to test for the presence of cytokines IL-2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 13, 17A, 17F, 21, 22, IFN-g and TNF-a. The quality of life of employees was measured using a questionnaire for self-assessment of physical and mental health (36-item Short-Form Health Survey, SF-36). Results. Group of miners had a significantly (p<0.05) higher concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IFN-g, IL-17A and IL-22 when compared to the control group. Subjects from the control group had significantly (p<0.05) higher concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 when compared to the group of miners. The quality of life was significantly (p<0.05) better in the control group when compared to the group of miners. Conclusion. Physical functioning, general health, mental health and Physical component summary were significantly poorer in the group of miners. Exposition to coal dust led to a significant increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a decrease in the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines.

Pneumoconiosis of workers in brown coal mines is an occupational disease, a global public health problem and a serious disease of the lung parenchyma. If it is not prevented, it leads to irreversible changes in the lungs with complications. The disorder occurs after prolonged exposure to coal dust containing high concentration of free crystalline silica. Data in literature regarding its health impact on people working in coal mines are relatively scarce. Recently, there has been an increase in miners’ pneumoconiosis, which requires a stricter policy to protect workers in the mines. There are two classical types of CWP: simple and complicated. The main diagnostic method of CWP is based on a specific X-ray finding, and the auxiliary method of choice is spirometry. The pathophysiological mechanism of CWP formation is not fully known, although it has been shown that damage to the lung parenchyma goes through three phases caused by effect of lung cells exposure to coal dust. Studies show that cytokines play an important role in inflammation and the immune response as mediators of toxic and pathogenic effects in CWP. A link between exposure to coal dust in brown coal mines and the development of CWP has also been demonstrated, with a consequent reduction in the physical and psychological quality of life of workers in the mines.

Introduction. Higher level of knowledge and frequent contacts with peers with disabilities can influence the emergence of more positive attitudes of students towards peers with disabilities. In regard to that, our aim was to test the importance of knowledge, contact frequency and other possible factors influencing attitudes of students toward disabled peers. Methods. The study included 140 students of 4th and 5th grade of primary schools. The research was conducted in the period from December 2020 to March 2021 in two primary schools. The Chedoke McMaster scale was used to examine students' attitudes toward peers with disabilities, while Contact with Disabled Persons Scale and the Children's Knowledge about Handicapped Persons Scale were used to assess frequency of contact and knowledge about disabilities. Results. Girls showed a significantly higher level (25.21±6.21) of frequency of contacts with students with disabilities compared to boys (19.66±7.30) (p=0.043) and higher level of knowledge (27.88±5.88) about disabilities compared to boys (25.50±4.69) (p=0.009). Respondents who attended school together with children with disabilities (31.07 ± 8.41) showed a significantly higher level of frequency of contacts with students with disabilities compared to respondents who did not attend school with peers with disabilities (13.72±6.32) (p=0.001). Conclusion. Higher level of knowledge and frequent contacts with peers with disabilities does not have influence on the emergence of more positive attitudes of students towards peers with disabilities.