Time is a fundamental dimension of our perception and mental construction of reality. It enables resolving changes in our environment without a direct sensory representation of elapsed time. Therefore, the concept of time is inferential by nature, but the units of subjective time that provide meaningful segmentation of the influx of sensory input remain to be determined. In this review, we posit that events are the construal instances of time perception as they provide a reproducible and consistent segmentation of the content. In that light, we discuss the implications of this proposal by looking at “events” and their role in subjective time experience from cultural anthropological and ontogenetic perspectives, as well as their relevance for episodic memory. Furthermore, we discuss the significance of “events” for the two critical aspects of subjective time—duration and order. Because segmentation involves parsing event streams according to causal sequences, we also consider the role of causality in developing the concept of directionality of mental timelines. We offer a fresh perspective on representing past and future events before age 5 by an egocentric bi-directional timeline model before acquiring the allocentric concept of absolute time. Finally, we illustrate how the relationship between events and durations can resolve contradictory experimental results. Although “time” warrants a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach, we focus this review on “time perception”, the experience of time, without attempting to provide an all encompassing overview of the rich philosophical, physical, psychological, cognitive, linguistic, and neurophysiological context.

Goal: To analyze the appearance of neurodevelopmental disorders in children delivered post-term and to find out whether prolonged pregnancy may be a cause of such disorders in a selected group participants. Patients and methods: This study included a cohort of 34 children born post-term suffering from neurodevelopmental disorders who were treated at the Service for psycho-physiological and speaking disorders in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina during an 18-year period. Results: There were 59.4% of male and 40.6% female patients (P=0.002). The most common neurodevelopmental disorder in the sample was intellectual disability (38.2%), followed by epilepsy (26.4%), delayed psychomotor development (14.7%), and cerebral palsy (11.7%) (P<0.001). The correlation between mothers’ parity and post-term delivery was found (P=0.016). Conclusion: Post-term delivery may be the cause of neurodevelopmental disorders. The most common disorder among them were intellectual difficulties.

Studies of activating sex hormones effects, showed greater efficiency of females during menstrual phases, which are characterized by higher levels of sex hormones. Since the right hemisphere is responsible for the recognition of emotions, and high levels of estrogen have an inhibitory effect on the right hemisphere functioning, better performance could be expected in the task of recognizing different facial expressions in the men¬strual phase, when hormone levels are at the lowest possible level. On the other hand, according to the evolutionary hypothesis, greater suc¬cess in the tasks can be expected during the late folicular phase, when conception is possible. Main goal was to examine the effectiveness in task of emotional recognition of happiness, sadness, fear and pain, dur¬ing menstrual and late folicular phase. In examination participated fe¬male students (N= 30) of Mostar University, age 19-24, with regular men¬strual cycle who didn’t consumate oral contraceptives. In the purpose of this study, was constructed task of recognizing emotional facial expres¬sions (happiness, sadness, fear, pain) which examinees performed two times (2. and 13. day of cycle). As performance parameters were used time of recognition, expressed in milliseconds, and number of errors The obtained results showed no statistically significant differences in the ef¬ficiency in performing tasks, given in the different phases of menstrual cycle. Analyses showed significant differences in time recognition of dif¬ferent facial expressions, which was later confirmed by analyzing the number of errors, too. In conclusion, it can be said that the hypothesis of activational effects of sex hormones has not been confirmed. Also, the assumption of greater success in recognition task, in a time when concep¬tion is possible, according to evolutinary hipothesis, has not confirmed.