The historical facts of the development of the information/communication and media system in Bosnia and Herzegovina represent that each political system has reformed the existing communication channels, organizing them according to its own ideological ambitions. Different types and forms of social control of the media space in Bosnia and Herzegovina in history have most often been motivated by “fear of political subversion“ (McQuail, 2010). The contemporary history of the nineties and the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina resulted in the creation of media spaces that corresponded with the ethnically divided territory and continued the media policies of interpellation, blind following/manipulation of the ideology that Marxist philosopher Althusser defines by imposing ways of thinking or living that correspond to established national concepts. Forms of political parallelism of the media in Bosnia and Herzegovina today are visible through indicators of organizational or financial connections between media structures and different political/interest groups, political orientation of editorial and journalistic staff, and the use of media conditioned by territorial-ethnic criteria. The subject of the analysis is the degree and form of political parallelism of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian media in history. The analysis tried to answer the problematic question related to the issue of objective recognition of the needs and interests of the public in the creation of everyday media agendas, which, among other things, should be in the function of criticism, control and integration, and which are today strongly influenced by historical media practice and media heritage. The research starts from the hypothesis that every state-legal organization in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in order to establish and consolidate a certain system, also established specific communication/media structures, which enabled media promotion and consolidation of the already existing socially established practice of an ethnically divided society. The aim of the research is to point out the importance of establishing and developing stable and independent media organizations in Bosnia and Herzegovina that will enable the nation to imagine itself as coherent, significant and homogeneous community and to point out that basic media functions can be valuable resources for overcoming ethnic, political, nationalist and hegemonic policies in contemporary social constellations.

: The text defines media ecology as an approach to observing the media, not only as communication channels, tools and mediators, but as an environment that greatly influences our perceptions, understanding, evaluation, thinking, feeling, communication, interactions and ultimately, behavior, which under the influence of technologies, constantly adapt and become key generators of social and cultural changes. The text attempted to analyze a possible change in the way of collecting, selecting, interpreting and re/presenting and disseminating media information and content, i.e. the dominant editorial practice and media policy that have the possibility, by intentionally and biased focusing or neglecting certain topics, such as in this case environmental topics, encouraged by interests diametrically opposed to the interests of all humanity, to shape perceptions and public opinion. A change that would be determined by a holistic approach, looking at the overall mediatizing effects of everyday life, culture and society in terms of a new axiological system of values. The results of the analysis show that the sampled, represented, environmental topics in Bosnia and Herzegovina are selective, and the disseminated content is incomplete, marginalized and discontinuous, and in most cases identifies environmental problems without proposing possible solutions. A change in information would imply an active understanding and participation of all actors who participate in the processes of environmental communication, and the theory of media ecology plays a key role in the framework of acknowledging media literacy.

Historical examples show and confirm the continued disenfranchisement of people with disabilities in all areas. In this regard, it is not a particularly different situation in the field of media representation of this marginalized group. A low level of awareness and knowledge about disability contributes to people with disabilities directly or indirectly discriminating, marginalizing, and at the same time creating unfounded attitudes, stereotypes, and stigma about them. Starting from the above, the text analyzes the current media presentation of persons with disabilities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The analysis included printed, more precisely the content of daily editions of Dnevni avaz newspaper in the period from April 1 to May 4, 2023, in which, in the analyzed period, a total of nine (9) topics were published. The contents of electronic media (Federal Television, Radio Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Radio-Television of Republika Srpska, Radio-Television of Republika Srpska, Radio Republika Srpska) were also analyzed, and on which, in the period from 08 to 22 May 2023, nine (9) topics that directly or indirectly concern people with disabilities were presented in news shows. The research aimed to point out the inadequate approach to reporting on disability more precisely to point out that people with disabilities and topics important to them are marginalized in media content in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and that they do not reflect the real-life conditions of members of that population.

The subject of the analysis are the practices and effects of changed direct, interpersonal communication on teachers – students reality in the form of online consultations, in new communication technologies mediated by patterns. The text analyzes the transformation of traditional, academic communication practices in teaching processes conditioned not primarily by technological but existential reasons, starting from the hypothesis that the effectiveness of consultative, communication forms cannot be achieved exclusively through mediated forms, the absence of interpersonal, social interaction. The purpose of the analysis was related both to recording the real effects of mediated communication patterns of online consultations and to analyzing indicators of improvement and development forms of online teaching. On the selected sample of students and teachers of the Department of Communication and Journalism Studies, Faculty of Political Science, University of Sarajevo, primarily, study-oriented and interested in the field of studying and researching communication processes, the surveys aims to analyze conditionally mediated communication from the aspect of communicators, participants in the communication as well as from the aspect of the content and mediator of the communication process and its effects in comparison with established, traditional academic practices. The results of the examination of attitudes indicate that the mediated patterns of consultative forms optimized the material, technical dimension of transmission and reception, but reduced the qualitative, content aspect of the message in terms of its understanding and the inclusion of sensory inputs in the communication process. Untimeliness in responding to inquiries, different denotative and connotative forms of understanding the message, and the absence of metacommunication are just some of the recorded indicators of the absence of basic conditions for effective communication in forms of mediated consultation.