Ever since Leo Kanner first described autism in 1943, the research in this field has grown immensely. In 2021 alone, 5837 SCOPUS indexed documents were published with a title that contained the words: “autism”, “autistic”, or “ASD”. The purpose of this study was to examine the most common topics of autism research in 2021 and present a geographical contribution to this research. We performed a content analysis of 1102 abstracts from the articles published in 11 Autism journals in 2021. The following journals, indexed by the SCOPUS database, were included: Autism, Autism Research, Molecular Autism, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, Advances in Autism, Autism and Developmental Language Impairments, and Autism in Adulthood. According to the analysis, the main research topics were: mental health, social communication, social skills, quality of life, parenting stress, ADHD, Covid-19, self-efficacy, special education, and theory of mind. In relation to geographic distribution, most studies came from the USA, followed by the UK, Australia, and Canada. Research topics were aligned with the priorities set by stakeholders in autism, most notably persons with autism themselves and their family members. There is a big gap in research production between developed countries and developing countries.

The experiments were conducted in field conditions, comprising two maize hybrids and two methods of detasseling, in the period 2014-2016 in a randomised block design. The seed yield was 3.64 t/ha, as average for all the hybrids and the methods of detasseling. “Suanito“ yielded 2.88 t/ha while “MAS 26K“ yielded 4.41 t/ha. The highest yield was obtained in 2015 (3.81 t/ha), then in 2014 (3.47 t/ha), while the lowest yield was obtained in 2016 (3.12 t/ha). Manual detasseling resulted in the seed yeld of 3.94 t/ha, whereas a significantly lower yield was achieved with mechanised detasseling (3.34 t/ha). There was a highly significant interaction found between the year and the hybrid, the year and the method of detasseling and the hybrid and the method of detasseling, whereas there was a significant interaction between the year, the hybrid and the method of detasseling.

Air pollution, recognized as a human carcinogen, is a significant cause of death in industrial and developing countries, and Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) is one of the leading countries for air pollution-caused death rate and has the poorest urban air quality in Europe. Despite a population decrease, urban air pollution in B&H has increased due to traffic pollution and still intensive use of solid fuel for heating and cooking. Human biomonitoring studies, regarding the described air pollution, have not been conducted before, and particularly have not been conducted in the region of Sarajevo. Good health, well-being, and environmental protection are part of the 17 defined Sustainable Development Global Goals. Accordingly, this study aimed to determine baseline levels of DNA damage in a group of Sarajevo citizens and to compare seasonal variations in DNA damage in relation to the reported levels of air pollution. From 33 individuals included in the study, samples were collected in the summer and winter seasons. The buccal micronucleus cytome (BMCyt) assay and comet assay in leucocytes isolated from saliva were performed. Mean values and standard deviations of log-transformed tail intensity (%), tail length (µm), and tail moment results in winter were 1.14 ± 0.23, 2.20 ± 0.14, and 1.03 ± 0.29, respectively, while in the summer season those values were 1.19 ± 0.19, 2.25 ± 0.17, and 1.07 ± 0.25, respectively. No significant differences were found for the comet assay parameters. Nevertheless, BMCyt results showed significant increases in micronuclei (P = .008), binuclear cells (P = .04), karyolysis (P = .0003), condensed chromatin (P = .03), and pyknosis (P = .002) in winter. Although the results of comet and BMCyt assays are not in accordance, this study contributes to the human air pollution biomonitoring in Sarajevo, B&H, and based on the genotoxic effects of air pollution evidenced by the BMCyt biomarker further studies of this kind are necessary.

Group Recommender Systems (GRSs), unlike recommendations for individuals, provide suggestions for groups of people. Clearly, many activities are often experienced by a group rather than an individual (visiting a restaurant, traveling, watching a movie, etc.) hence the requirement for such systems. The topic is gradually receiving more and more attention, with an increased number of papers published at significant venues, which is enabled by the predominance of online social platforms that allow their users to interact in groups, as well as to plan group activities. However, the research area lacks certain ground rules, such as basic evaluation agreements. We believe this is one of the main obstacles to make advances in the research area, and to enable researchers to compare and continue each others’ works. In other words, setting the basic evaluation agreements is a stepping-stone towards reproducible Group Recommenders research. The goal of this tutorial is to tackle this problem, by providing the basic principles of the GRSs offline evaluation approaches.

A search for pair production of doubly charged Higgs bosons ( 𝐻 ±± ), each decaying into a pair of prompt, isolated, highly energetic leptons with the same electric charge, is presented. The search uses a proton–proton collision data sample at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb − 1 recorded by the ATLAS detector during Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider. This analysis focuses on same-charge leptonic decays, 𝐻 ±± → ℓ ± ℓ (cid:48)± where ℓ, ℓ (cid:48) = 𝑒, 𝜇, 𝜏 , in two-, three-, and four-lepton channels, but only considers final states which include electrons or muons. No evidence of a signal is observed. Corresponding limits on the production cross-section and consequently a lower limit on 𝑚 ( 𝐻 ±± ) are derived at 95% confidence level. Assuming that the branching ratios to each of the possible leptonic final states are equal, B( 𝐻 ±± → 𝑒 ± 𝑒 ± ) = B( 𝐻 ±± → 𝑒 ± 𝜇 ± ) = B( 𝐻 ±± → 𝜇 ± 𝜇 ± ) = B( 𝐻 ±± → 𝑒 ± 𝜏 ± ) = B( 𝐻 ±± → 𝜇 ± 𝜏 ± ) = B( 𝐻 ±± → 𝜏 ± 𝜏 ± ) = 1 / 6, the observed lower limit on the mass of a doubly charged Higgs boson is 1080 GeV within the left-right symmetric type-II seesaw model, which is an improvement over previous limits. Additionally, a lower limit of 𝑚 ( 𝐻 ±± ) = 900 GeV is obtained in the context of the Zee–Babu neutrino mass model.

The fact that automated vehicles will be part of road traffic raises the question of how human road users, like bicyclists or pedestrians, would safely interact with them. Research has proposed external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) for automated vehicles as a potential solution. Concept prototypes and evaluations so far have mainly focused on young, healthy adults and people without disabilities, such as visual impairments. For a “one-for-all” holistic, inclusive solution, however, further target groups like children, seniors, or people with (other) special needs will have to be considered. In this workshop, we bring together researchers, experts, and practitioners working on eHMIs to broaden our perspective on inclusiveness. We aim to identify aspects of inclusive eHMI design that can be universal and tailored to any culture and will focus on discussing methods, tools, and scenarios for inclusive communication.

External human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) support automated vehicles (AVs) in interacting with vulnerable road users such as pedestrians. eHMI research has mostly dealt with investigating the communication an AV’s yielding intent, but there is little insight into how (or if) an eHMI should communicate an AV’s non-yielding intent. We conducted a video-based study (N = 25) with two eHMI concepts that offer pedestrians information about the vehicle’s non-yielding intent either explicitly or implicitly, and compared it with a baseline of an AV without an eHMI. Results show that while both kinds of eHMIs are effective and perform better than the baseline, there is no evidence of significant difference in road-crossing decision performance between explicit and implicit eHMIs in ambiguous situations. However, subjective feedback shows a trend of preference for eHMIs that communicate an AV’s intent explicitly at all times, although with a need for a significant distinction between the yielding and non-yielding messages.

Background Crowdsourcing is a low-cost, adaptable, and innovative method to collect ideas from numerous contributors with diverse backgrounds. Crowdsourcing from social media like Twitter can be used for generating ideas in a noticeably brief time based on contributions from globally distributed users. The world has been challenged by the COVID-19 pandemic in the last several years. Measures to combat the pandemic continue to evolve worldwide, and ideas and opinions on optimal counteraction strategies are of high interest. Objective This study aimed to validate the use of Twitter as a crowdsourcing platform in order to gain an understanding of public opinion on what measures can help to end the COVID-19 pandemic faster. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted during the period from December 22, 2021, to February 4, 2022. Tweets were posted by accounts operated by the authors, asking “How to faster end the COVID-19 pandemic?” and encouraging the viewers to comment on measures that they perceive would be effective to achieve this goal. The ideas from the users' comments were collected and categorized into two major themes – personal and institutional measures. In the final stage of the campaign, a Twitter poll was conducted to get additional comments and to estimate which of the two groups of measures were perceived to be important amongst Twitter users. Results The crowdsourcing campaign generated seventeen suggested measures categorized into two major themes (personal and institutional) that received a total of 1,727 endorsements (supporting comments, retweets, and likes). The poll received a total of 325 votes with 58% of votes underscoring the importance of both personal and institutional measures, 20% favoring personal measures, 11% favoring institutional measures, and 11% of the votes given just out of curiosity to see the vote results. Conclusions Twitter was utilized successfully for crowdsourcing ideas on strategies how to end the COVID-19 pandemic faster. The results indicate that the Twitter community highly values the significance of both personal responsibility and institutional measures to counteract the pandemic. This study validates the use of Twitter as a primary tool that could be used for crowdsourcing ideas with healthcare significance.

Tetracainium salicylate and tetracainium ibuprofenate were synthesized as active pharmaceutical ingredient ionic liquids (API-ILs). These ILs represent a combination of a drug for local anaesthesia (tetracaine) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (salicylic acid and ibuprofen). After IL synthesis, spectroscopic investigations were performed using infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to confirm their structures. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis determined the obtained thermal behaviour of the ionic liquids. Experimental density, viscosity, and electrical conductivity measurements were performed in a wide temperature range to understand the interactions occurring in the obtained pharmaceutically active ionic liquids. All experimental values were well-fitted by the empirical equations. According to the theoretical calculations, weaker interactions of tetracaine with ibuprofenate than with salicylate are found, ascribed to the decreasing molecular symmetry, weakened hydrogen bonding, and increasing steric hindrance of ibuprofenate's alkyl chain.