An analysis system for solid mechanics applications is described in which a new finite element method that can accommodate general polyhedral elements is exploited. The essence of the method is direct polynomial approximation of the shape functions on the physical element, without transformation to a canonical element. The main motive is elimination of the requirement that all elements be similar to a canonical element via the usual isoparametric mapping. It is this topological restriction that largely drives the design of mesh-generation algorithms, and ultimately leads to the considerable human effort required to perform complex analyses. An integrated analysis system is described in which the flexibility of the polyhedral element method is leveraged via a robust computational geometry processor. The role of the latter is to perform rapid Boolean intersection operations between hex meshes and surface representations of the body to be analyzed. A typical procedure is to create a space-filling structured hex mesh that contains the body, and then extract a polyhedral mesh of the body by intersecting the hex mesh and the body’s surface. The result is a mesh that is directly usable in the polyhedral finite element method. Some example applications are: 1) simulation on very complex geometries; 2) rapid geometry modification and re-analysis; and 3) analysis of material-removal process steps following deformation processing. This last class of problems is particularly challenging for the conventional FE methodology, because the element boundaries are, in general, not aligned with the cutting geometry following the deformation (e.g. forging) step.Copyright © 2008 by ASME

Objectives: To characterize sexual abuse in children and adolescents registered by the Sentinel Program in Campina Grande – PB; to analyze the incidence of sexual abuse; to define the profile of the children and adolescents seen at this program; to identify the main abusers and incidence of this type of abuse in the intra- and extra-family environment. Methods: This is a descriptive-exploratory study. Data were collected from 60 children and adolescents and treated statistically. Results: There were 23 notifications in 2005 and 37 in 2005. Of these, 51 notifications were related to girls and nine to boys in unfavorable socioeconomic conditions. The prevalent age ranges were from three to five years old and between 12 and 14. The main abusers were stepfathers, fathers, brothers-in-law; boyfriends and unknown men. There were 27 intra-family and 33 extra-family cases. The Tutelary Council – Conselho Tutelar – mediated most occurrences. Conclusion: The incidence of sexual abuse in children and adolescents is increasing, both in the intra-family and the extra-family environment. Continuous education is suggested to support family members and victims of sexual abuse.