The nature of mental disorders, the attitudes and prejudices of the social community towards psychiatric patients, the behavior and treatment of mental patients, all bring about numerous dilemmas and prejudices. When a patient is diagnosed with a mental disorder, he may suffer restrictions in the field of general human rights. However, the biggest problems in clinical practice occur in the treatment of patients who, besides their mental disorder also have a somatic disease. We report a 56-years-old female with a severe renal failure who refused to undergo dialysis. Following the patient's refusal to sign an informed consent, a psychiatrist was called in for consultation and diagnosed an acute psychotic reaction. To manage the delusions and acute psychotic reactions, risperidone in the dose of 2 mg was started. After 22 days, the patient still had marked psychotic symptoms. A psychiatrist, a nephrologist and an anesthesiologist, in the presence of the spouse on the grounds of her life-threatening condition, decided to apply the necessary medical procedures even without the patient's consent. A day after the start of dialysis the patient still had delusional ideas, but without the presence of anxiety, and the patient no longer offered resistance to dialysis. Four days after the first dialysis, the patient was calm, had vague memories about the entire previous period, and signed the informed consent concerning her further treatment.

Introduction: Alcoholism is the third most common psychiatric disorder among the elderly, yet it often goes undiagnosed in primary care setting. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of alcohol use disorders among elderly primary care patients in Bosnia and Herzegovina and to determine the presence of different health problems related to alcohol consumption. Method: The study was conducted in 10 family medicine practices. Family physicians randomly selected a group of 40 patients over 60 years of age registered with their practice. As a part of Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment, patients were asked to complete Alcohol Consumption Screening Questionnaire, Functional Status Questionnaire, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Mini mental screening examination (MMSE), and Hamilton Anxiety Scale. Screening results were followed by additional clinical evaluation. To estimate the feasibility of Alcohol Consumption Screening Questionnaire, one family member or a caregiver of each patient was questioned about patient's habits and health problems. Results: Eighty-nine (22%) patients were current drinkers. Of those, 59% were harmful drinkers, 26% hazardous and 15% nonhazardous drinkers. Women accounted for 27% of current drinkers. MMSE revealed dementia symptoms in 37%, and symptoms of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in 25% of current drinkers. Depression symptoms were found in 38% and anxiety symptoms in 6% of current drinkers. Functional status was decreased in hazardous and harmful drinkers. Conclusion: High percentage of older adults in Bosnia and Herzegovina is regular users of alcohol. Hazardous and harmful drinking is associated with significant morbidity. These findings demonstrate the usefulness and importance of the excess alcohol use screening in all primary care settings serving adults over age 60.

Uvod. Analizirati elemente interakcije koji doprinose uspostavljanju kvalitetau komunikaciji između ljekara i bolesnika sa dijabetesom na nivou primarnezdravstvene zastite. Analizirati uticaj odnosa ljekar - bolesnik na ishodelijecenja dijabetesa.Metode. Studijom je obuhvaceno osam ljekara i sezdeset bolesnika oboljelihod dijabetes mellitus-a tip 2, izabranih prema specificnim kriterijumima.Ljekari su podijeljeni u dvije grupe. Eksperimentalnu grupu su cinili ljekarisa zavrsenom obukom iz komunikologije. Kontrolnu grupu su cinila cetiriljekara opste prakse bez obuke iz medicinske komunikologije. Svaki ljekar jepratio grupu od sedam ili osam bolesnika sa dijabetesom.Interakcija između ljekara i bolesnika je procjenjivana primjenom Bales-oveanalize interakcijskog procesa. Tokom devet mjeseci praceni su funkcionalniishodi tretmana, vrijednosti glikemije i HbA1c, saradnja i zadovoljstvo bolesnika.Rezultati. Razlike u ponasanja ljekara eksperimentalne i kontrolne grupe subile visoko znacajne po svim kategorijama Bales-ove analize. Kontrola vrijednostiglikemije i Hb1Ac je bila bolja kod ispitanika koji su: imali kontrolunad konsultacijom, aktivno ucestvovali u lijecenju, pokazivali emocije, tražiliinformacije i razmjenjivali misljenje sa ljekarom. Ispitanici eksperimentalnegrupe su imali statisticki znacajna poboljsanja funkcionalnih parametara imanje funkcionalnih ogranicenja nakon devet mjeseci, te su bili statistickiznacajno zadovoljniji njegom i karakteristikama ljekara.Zakljucak. Dobra komunikacija sa bolesnikom znacajno utice na poboljsanjeishoda lijecenja bolesnika sa dijabetesom. Praktikovanje modela njege usmjereneka bolesniku dovodi do potpunije razmjene informacija između bolesnika iljekara, vece zdravstvene aktivnosti i odgovornosti bolesnika, te uspostavljanjaefikasnije saradnje i zadovoljstva bolesnika. Obuku iz medicinske komunikologijetreba sprovoditi na svim nivoima studija medicine.