Abstract Study aim: This study aimed to evaluate predictors of futsal-specific change-of-direction speed and futsal-specific reactive agility in professional male futsal players. Material and methods: The players (n=75) studied were members of seven futsal teams that competed at the highest national level in Croatia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The predictors in this study included measures of generic power, speed, agility, and anthropometrics. The univariate and multivariate relationships among the predictors and the criteria (futsal-specific change-of-direction speed and futsal-specific reactive agility) were assessed by using Pearson’s correlations and multiple regression analysis, respectively. Results: The predictors were poorly related to the different facets of agility (all trivial to moderate correlations). Multiple regression models were not successfully cross-validated for any of the types of agility performance. Conclusion: Generic power, speed, agility, and anthropometrics are not valid predictors of futsal-specific change-of-direction speed and futsal-specific reactive agility. As these futsal performances were used to mimic real-game situations in futsal, these findings suggest that superiority in generic motor abilities and anthropometrics may not have a significant effect on performance in futsal matches.

INTRODUCTION Topical corticosteroids are group of drugs which have anti-in?ammatory, immuno-suppressive, anti-proliferative and vasoconstrictive effects and are among the most commonly prescribed medication, important and efficacious for management of various dermatological disorders. Strict implementation of the existing regulations is the need of the hour to prevent their widespread abuse. Aim of the study was to investigate the usage of topical corticosteroids therapy with the recipe of a doctor and without it. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The subjects were patients who visited Pharmacies in Mostar from April to July 2020 and were buying topical corticosteroids with or without a recipe or medical report from the doctor. 80 subjects completed a questionnaire themselves included: the way of buying a topical corticosteroids, the information about using topical corticosteroids earlier, the information about subject's visits to the doctor; the length of time using topical corticosteroids, the type of topical corticosteroids used, the part of body the topical corticosteroids was applied on. RESULTS A total of 80 subjects were treated in the observed period, 58.8% were female. 72.5% subjects had already used local corticosteroids, 62.50% purchased the drug at the recommendation of the pharmacist, 66.30% had no recent diagnosis or no diagnosed disease at all, 21.25% used the drug for more than a month, the most often purchased one was moderate potent local corticosteroid Betamethasone diproprionate 0.05%. Most commonly subjects applied local corticosteroids on arms (50%). CONCLUSION Strict regulations regarding only prescription-based dispensing of local corticosteroids must be put into practice. This will hopefully bring down both the extremes of ever increasing cases of steroid-induced dermatoses in everyday dermatology practise on one hand and the irrational fears of using TCs in well justified indications on the other.

INTRODUCTION Association of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection with the length of dialysis in dialysis patients is contradictory. This study was conducted in order to determine the association between the duration of dialysis and the HP infection status in the dialysis patients. Furthemore, biochemical parameters were monitored in two subject groups that were included in this study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study included 51 patients on chronic hemodialysis program who had gastrointestinal symptoms. The subjects were divided in two groups per the length of dialysis treatment. In this study we analyzed age, gender, the time period since the onset of the chronic hemodialysis program, body mass index, biochemical parameters, and whether the patients have arterial hypertension and/or diabetes. The presence of HP antigen was determined in the stool samples with use of he UlcoGnost AG test plate. RESULTS The incidence of HP infection in hemodialysis patients, with some of the gastrointestinal symptoms, was 25.5%. Patients on hemodialysis for less than 24 months had lower incidence of HP infection than those on hemodialysis program for more than 24 months. HP positive and HP negative subjects were also compared by gender, age, biochemical parameters and body mass index. There was no statistical significant difference between the groups in any of those characteristics. When comparing the HP status of the subjects with the presence of arterial hypertension and diabetes, no statistically significant difference was found between the groups. CONCLUSION This study showed negative correlation between HP infection and the length of hemodialysis program. Analysis of age, gender, body mass index, biochemical parameters, presence of arterial hypertension and/or diabetes showed no statistically significant difference was found between the hemodialysis patients who were HP positive and those who were HP negative. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the correlation mechanism between the HP infection and the duration of dialysis, in order to examine how long the dialysis time period is the most susceptible to HP infection, and then to improve the prognosis of patients with renal disease.

There is an evident lack of studies examining the pursuit of excellence in futsal. The aims of this study were to evaluate anthropometric and physiological variables that may contribute to distinguishing among performance levels in professional futsal players and to evaluate correlates of those variables. The participants were 75 male professionals (age = 25.1 ± 5.1 years, body height = 182.3 ± 6.2 cm, body mass = 80.8 ± 10.4 kg), who were divided into performance levels using two criteria: (i) starters (first teams) vs. non-starters (substitutes) and (ii) top-level players (members of the national team and players who participated in top-level team competition in Europe) vs. high-level players (team players competing at the highest national competitive rank). Variables included anthropometrics (body height and mass, BMI, body fat percentage), generic tests of physiological capacities [5- and 10-m sprints, countermovement jump, broad jump, 20-yard test, reactive strength index (RSI)], and futsal-specific fitness tests [kicking speed by dominant and non-dominant leg, futsal-specific tests of change of direction speed, and reactive agility (FSRAG) involving/not involving dribbling the ball]. Top-level players outperformed high-level players in RSI, broad jump, kicking speed, and FSRAG involving dribbling. Starters achieved better results than non-starters in fewer variables, including kicking speed and RSI. Body fat percentage negatively influenced FSRAG involving dribbling, and RSI. FSRAG, RSI, and kicking speed were significantly correlated, indicating the similar physiological background of these capacities. The findings suggest that enhanced reactive strength and the ability to rapidly change direction speed in response to external stimulus while executing futsal-specific motor tasks (e.g., dribbling), along with players’ ability to kick the ball speedily, can be considered essential qualities required for advanced performance in futsal. Consequently, futsal strength and conditioning training should be targeted toward lowering relative body fat, maximizing lower-body reactive strength and including futsal-specific skills (e.g., dribbling, shooting) in reactive agility drills.

The importance of agility in futsal is already recognized, but there is an evident lack of information about applicability of futsal specific tests. The aim of this study was to evaluate reliability, validity and correlates of tests evaluating the futsal specific pre-planned agility (PPA), and non-planned agility (NPA). The sample comprised 40 professional futsal players who were tested on newly developed tests of PPA and NPA, sprint over 10 meters, countermovement jump, body height and mass. The reliability analyses included calculation of intra-session Cronbach Alpha (CA) and Inter-Item-Correlation (IIR), as well as analysis (ANOVA) for repeated measurements. Differences between performance groups (starters [first team] vs. non-starters [substitutes]) were evidenced by t-test for independent samples and calculation of Effect Size differences (ES). Pearson’s product moment correlation was calculated to define associations between variables. The reliability of agility tests was appropriate, with somewhat better reliability of PPA (CA: 0.81 and 0.76, IIR: 0.79 and 0.72, for PPA and NPA, respectively). ANOVA did not reveal any significant differences among testing trials. Starters were had better PPA than non-starters (t-test: 1.98, p < 0.01, moderate ES). The PPA and NPA shared less than 40% of the common variance, which suggests that these capacities are independent. Jumping and sprinting were not significantly correlated to PPA and NPA. Study confirmed appropriate reliability of the newly developed tests, and applicability of the PPA in distinguishing performance-levels. Further studies in females and younger players are warranted.

Purpose: Change of direction speed (CODS) and reactive agility (RAG) are important qualities in futsal, but studies rarely examined the predictors of these conditioning capacities in players of advanced level. This study aimed to evaluate predictive validity of certain anthropometric and conditioning capacities in evaluation of futsal specific CODS and RAG in top-level players. Methods: The sample comprised 54 male players from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, members of teams competing at the highest national rank, including national champions for the 2017–2018 competitive season in both countries. The variables comprised set of predictors (body mass, body height, triceps skinfold, reactive strength index [RSI], sprint 10 m [S10M], and broad jump [BJ]; and four criteria: futsal specific CODS and RAG, performed with and without dribbling (CODS_D, CODS_WD, RAG_D, RAG_WD). To identify the association between variables Pearson’s correlation and multiple regressions were calculated. Results: Observed predictors explained statistically significant (p < 0.05) percentage of variance for all four criteria (Rsq: 0.28, 0.30, 0.23 and 0.25, for CODS_WD, CODS_D, RAG_WD, RAG_D, respectively). Body mass was significant predictor for all criteria (Beta: 0.35–0.51), with poorer performances in heavier players. In both performances which involved dribbling, significant predictors was RSI (Beta: −0.27 and −0.31 for CODS_D and RAG_D, respectively), with superior performances in players with better RSI. The S10M and BJ were not identified as being significantly correlated to studied RAG and CODS performances. Conclusion: Study confirmed specific influence of studied predictors of futsal specific CODS and RAG with consistent negative influence of body mass on studied performances. Almost certainly this can be explained by specifics of RAG and CODS execution. Specifically, tests are performed over relatively small distances, with several changes of direction, which clearly mimic the futsal specific performances. Although sprint performance is often observed as important determinant of CODS and RAG, herein we did not confirm its predictive validity in explanation of futsal specific CODS and RAG. Future studies should evaluate other potentially important predictors of these capacities in futsal.

Team work skills are one of the important competencies of modern teachers. Team work includes situations, experiences, skills and psychological processes that can have an important impact on the professional development of student teachers. Teachers develop team work skills in the planning stage, the team teaching stage and the evaluation stage, where they work in a team and learn from experience and team collaboration. An important part of experiential learning is reflective practice, which helps give meaning to the experience, gather knowledge and betters their teaching practice. It is important for student teachers to develop skills of reflective practice during their university years.The goal of this masters thesis was to research the self-perception of progress on team work skills of student teachers. We were also interested in student teachers' self-perception of personal and professional development regarding the team work and the differences between students of different courses. The information was gathered using an inquiry research method regarding self-perception of student teachers' development of team work skills and individual reflections on the experience of team teaching. We used the descriptive causal research method. The research was a combination of quantitative and qualitative research approach. The research sample contained student teachers of different university courses, which were special and rehabilitation pedagogy, logopedia and surdopedagogy, preschool pedagogy and social pedagogy (N = 280). These student teachers were graduate and postgraduate students. This sample of student teachers completed an inquiry regarding their self-perception of development of team work skills after a team teaching exercise and the influence of that experience on their personal and professional development. For the qualitative research approach we used a sample of post graduate student teachers of special and rehabilitation pedagogy (N = 132). They wrote individual reflections on the experience of team teaching as part of a portfolio assignment. The qualitative research focus was on elements of self-perception of personal and professional development during their team teaching exercise. Results show that student teachers' self-perception of progress regarding team work skills development because of experience of team teaching was highest for team work skills regarding analyzing their own experience and relationships with other members of the team. They evaluated their positive inclination towards team work to be highest after the experience of team teaching, which shows the importance of experiential learning. Most student teachers evaluated the team teaching experience as an important one for their education as well as their professional development. We found no significant differences between student teachers of different courses or graduation and post graduation student teachers regarding their self-perception of the development of team work skills under the influence of their team teaching experience. Research of individual reflections on team teaching experience of post graduate student teachers showed their insights, experience and evaluation of team teaching. The findings of this masters thesis will contribute to further research on personal and professional development of student teachers regarding the team work.

The article presents the results of the project work in which we were developing a website for the field. In the first part of the study we were interested in an overall trend in students' and employees' use of websites in the field of special and rehabilitation education. In the second part, we wanted to obtain the users' opinion on a newly created browsing scheme. At the same time, we were interested in general opinion regarding the users' needs and their suggestions on what to include in the website. A hundred and fifty-three people took part in the research: students and employees from the Department of Special and Rehabilitation Education of the Faculty of Education, University of Ljubljana, and experts within the field. The data were collected between May 16th and June 30th with the help of a questionnaire and a web-based questionnaire »1ka« (EnKlikANKETA). The people interviewed demonstrate the desire for a website on their area of expertise. Most of them use online sources at least once a week. Most often, the users search for academic literature, examples of good practice (eg. ideas for activities, adjustments) and papers, graduate, postgraduate and doctoral dissertations. People who took part in the research say that they sometimes find useful resources in the Slovene language. Their criteria for evaluating the usefulness of particular websites are diverse. The most commonly listed are quality, knowledge of resources, recommendations of others and previous experience. Their expertise is never or rarely shared on-line. The users rarely register and this discourages them from surfing the web any further. We have obtained useful information and suggestions from the potential web site designers and users, which enabled us to confirm and upgrade the envisaged website elements. With the emerging website we wish to endorse two theoretical terms »the wisdom of crowds« and/or »science of the open enterpiece«.

The dominant trend of marketing strategy in the recent years in the world and in our country is the development of new media and communication canals of promotion messages, especially media of outdoors advertisement. The outdoors advertisement can be studied as media set to places available to broader audience – billboards, transport media and street equipment – with the aim of commercial advertisements and advertising. Advertisement in general is dominantly determined by the communication and marketing function as well as the characteristic of the environment in which the media are placed. In the frame of the communication function, the aesthetic component of the presentation of the visual message is in accordance with the specific demands of this way of advertisement. Regarding the fact of a short time of message receiving during the design of media of outdoors advertisements, it is necessary to acknowledge the determined demands to obtain the final solution visually recognizable and readable. It comprises the choice of structural elements in accordance with the possibility of a successive and simultaneous registering of visual form with regard to the quick changes of distances during the analysis of the media of outdoors advertisements. The paper is based on the analysis of a particular media regarding their size and place of exhibition from the point of activation of the message interest. The analysis includes the choice of the corresponding typographic and image elements as well as their size in accordance to Muller – Brockmann`s demands for achieving the visually attractive message: quick readability and understandability, innovativeness, maximal effect with minimum graphic elements, insurance of effectiveness by easy recognizing and the sum of details, establishing of contact between the observer and the message with the aim of better memorizing.