The world’s largest user of industrial robots in production processes is automotive industry, because global competition in the market requires continuous automation and modernization of production processes in the automotive industry. The use of robots in the world is continuously increasing year by year, so it is expected that about 414.000 robot units will be used in 2019. China is the first country in the world in the application of industrial robots, and is increasing the use every year, so that we can say that the annual trend in the application of robots in China is exponential by function. The leading countries in the application of industrial robots, in addition to China, are: Republic of Korea, Japan, North America (USA) and Germany. The tendency of application of industrial robots in the automotive industry in the world is growing on annual and total level. High application of industrial robots in China has resulted in the development of the automotive industry. The estimate is that in the future China will become the largest user of industrial robots, meaning that China is planning to implement the modernization and automation of production processes in the automotive industry, but also in other industries including electronics industry, metal industry and plastics and rubber industry. The development of new technologies and innovations is leading to the development of robotic technology which has been increasingly used in the automation of production processes. This will, in return, lead to the development and application of "smart automation" or "smart factories" in the future that will, besides vehicles, also produce other high quality products in short time period and with large varieties.

The main goal of this paper is to get a mathema-tical model for the process of deep drawing force with the reduction of wall thickness. Mathematical model should have a correct analytic description of this deformation process and along with that a possibility to calculative deep drawing force and after that a possibility of optimization of the whole deformation process and force. In this paper experiment planning is presented, from defining significant factors (parameters), levels of variation, equipment for experiment performing, processing of receiving results with known analytic models and on the end structuring final mathematical model for deep drawing force.

This Energy stability and security in the world have become important issues in almost every country. These are very important for the economic, social and economic development of each country. Getting energy is crucial for the development of any country, whether it comes to its industry or the economy. The paper presents the development and implementation of renewable energy sources, such as wind-power, solar energy, small hydro and biomass, both in the world and the EU. It elaborates and portrays an increasing trend of renewable energy sources in the total share of energy production, with the trend of reducing fossil fuels in energy production. The paper shows the trend of investments in renewable energy sources, with the trend of opening work posts and employment of workers who are working on the implementation of renewable energy sources, with a special emphasis on solar energy. We analyze the capacity to generate solar energy in the world for the period 2005-2015, as well as in the countries in which solar energy is used the most.

Laser welding is becoming an essential procedure in Automobile industry. Compared to standard welding processes such as MIG/MAG and point welding, laser welding has distinct advantages, such as small strains, higher speed of welding, quality welds as well as high flexibility.These advantages are crucial in modern automo-bile industry since the quality and flawless accuracy of load bearing welds ensures safety and thus competitiveness of the final product. High welding speed and short cooling periods of the weld additionally increase productivityThis paper is a presentation of a simulation indus-trial robot laser welding of load bearing construction in automated production process. 3D simulation play very important role in robotics development. Today we can simulate every production process segment by using IT tools. This simulation process enables to develop new pro-duction processes with minimal costs.

<p style="text-align: justify;">The paper aims to answer if the industrial robot is a motif of accelerated trend of automation and modernisation of production processes in automotive industry in the world. It describes the application of industrial robots in the World for the period from 2009 &ndash; 2014. It offers analysis of the application of industrial robots in the automotive industry, as well as metal industry, which is also related to the automotive industry. Based on this analysis, conclusions were made about the role of industrial robots in the growing trend of modernisation and automation of production processes in the automotive industry. The role of industrial robots is interesting when it comes to energy efficiency, as well as the role of new materials from the aspect of weight reduction, as well as innovation when it comes to IT technology. Information technologies provide new softwares whereby we get a far greater utilization of industrial robots from the point of performing a large number of operations, and therefore improves the automation of production processes in the automotive industry. The materials and their combinations are always demanding both in the metal as well as in automotive industries, and require new skills with applications such as sewing, weaving and knitting all types of fiber (for the car industry) that represent a challenge and are introduced in robotics. Changes, such as integration of engineering disciplines, bring improvement in production processes. The paper gives an overview of the increase in the production of vehicles in the world through the use of industrial robots. The stated example is China, which is the first in the world by the application of industrial robots, and the first in the world for producing automobiles. Industrial robots are essentially a reason for the accelerated trend of modernization and automation of production processes in the automotive industry.</p>

Energy stability and security have become one of the most important issues in recent years on planet Earth. Nowadays, worldwide economic, industrial and social development is related to the energy and energy-system that provided great benefits to a society, but the society is paying a high price because of the production and emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. There are numerous climate changes, which pose a threat to each continent, disorder in agriculture, disorder in food production, floods and fires, as well as changes in the ecosystem. Energy stability and security have become one of the most important issues in recent years. Energy is essential for development of any country, notably when it comes to its industry and economy. Without adequate policy operations of the energy sector, it is not possible to achieve industrial or economic progress. Nevertheless, no matter how important energy is for the development, it is only a mechanism for achieving the ultimate goals – sustainable economy, clean environment, high standard of living, prosperity and health of the population. This paper elaborates on and outlines a strategy for energy development of renewable energy sources in the world, as well as in the European Union. It presents in great details the application of new technologies that have led to the development of renewable energy sources: wind-power, solar energy, small hydro power plants, biomass, and their increase in the overall participation of energy production and reduction of fossil fuels in energy production. Investing in new technologies which use renewable energy sources have led to the increase in employment in the world, so that about 6.5 million people in the world have been employed until today. This paper outlines the trend of increasing energy production from RES (renewable energy sources) by investing in any of the abovementioned energy sources, as well as employment for each energy source in the world and the EU-28. Also, the development of renewable energy sources in the future has been presented.

Planning of the modern manufacturing systems that would be suitable for the most demanding cutting processes requires analysis of all technical and technological process parameters by applying scientific methods, modeling and optimal conditions of machining process and systems defining. In order to secure the planned functioning of machine tools they need to be sufficiently resistant and stable at all influences which are exposed in the cutting process. Because high number of influence factors to the cutting process, it is very difficulty to determine most influence parameters of the cutting process by analytical model. For this reason it is necessary to apply the experimental measurements and analysis of the results which will be used for creating fudantion for cutting force identification and which is indispensable in the development of new machine tools and improving existing machining systems. Objective of this paper is to find mathematical algorithm of tool holder acceleration aNA = f(σz, v, δ) in function of machined material strength, cutting velocity and depth of cut. Experimental investigation of tool holder acceleration during turning process has done for three different types of steel: 9SMn28, S355JOG3 and C45E.

Industrial branches where the changes occur with the introduction of the new technologies in a very short period are automobile and aviation industries, because the securing and ergonomic criteria had to be achieved. These demands initialized setting of the new productive philoso-phy, which is based on a modern production like plastic forming and modelling with an incompressible fluid. A tube hydroforming got a significant role in the last five years and is considered as a technology of rapid development. This paper provides researches and analyses of hydroforming of thin-walled tube elements. A work-piece and die contact for hydroforming in a work process manifests with the friction force which has an influence on: axial force, axial punch feed and workpiece wall thick-ness. The stress-strain state and their disposition during the tube hydroforming are foundation where the friction influence in tube hydroforming is based on. It provides an analysis of deformation zones and friction in T shape tube hydroforming. An analytical model of friction coefficient change in hydroforming between a tube and die has been carried out. The main objective of this paper is to suggest new analytical model for friction coefficient determination in hydroforming of thin-walled tube elements which de-scribes process the most realistically. This paper provides an experimental way of needle sensor setting in measuring of the contact friction in T shape tube hydroforming. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.19.6.6012

I. Karabegović, M. Mahmić, E. Husak University of Bihać Technical of Engeenering Dr.Irfan Ljubijankić bb, Bihać Bosnia and Herzegovina ABSTRACT Hydroforming is classified in unconventional processes of the metal forming that are used for forming metal sheet and tube thinwalled elements, as other spatial elements. Technological forming processes by fluid are: deep drawing, stretching, bending, extruding, tube forming, etc. In the paper basic characteristic of some hydroforming technologies of sheets and tubes are given.

Energy security and stability are currently the main issues throughout the world. Applied research is carried out all over the world in order to increase a share of renewable energy sources in the overall task of energy generation. In near future environmentally friendly energy sources should be found that will enable the mankind to cover its energy needs. Renewable energy sources are currently offered worldwide as an environmentally friendly and acceptable solution; however, one may always wonder whether it is realistic to expect such energy sources to be developed at a level sufficient to meet the mankind’s ever increasing energy needs. This caution is caused by the following facts associated with the renewable energy sources available today: the wind energy is not everywhere available in sufficient quantities, solar energy is not sufficiently used, hydropower (we refer to small hydro power plants), is not big enough for this quantity of energy, geothermal energy can be optimally used only at places where thermal energy from the inner core of the Earth is near the surface, tidal energy (energy of the waves) has great potentials but is very little used due to its scarcity and non-accessibility, bioenergy, as a substitute for conventional fossil fuels, is not completely environmentally friendly or acceptable due to the emission of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. On the other hand, without implementing the adequate policies in the energy sector operation, it is not possible to have any industrial, economic or social progress in the world. Energy security and stability are only one part in achieving the ultimate goals: sustainable economy, clean environment, high standard of living, prosperity and health of the population. In the light of all the above, the paper will investigate the state and perspective of renewable energy sources with a special emphasis on the potential of solar energy.

Energy security and stability has become a major issue over the last few years in the whole world's economic and social development. Despite its high development and evolution of its approach to the issue of energy security, the European Union is also facing the problem of decreasing its role in reducing human impact on the climate. Energy is of essential importance for the development of any country, including Bosnia and Herzegovina. Without adequate policies in the energy sector bussines, industrial and economic progress is not possible either. However, regardless of how energy is important for the development, it is still only a mechanism for achieving an ultimate goal – sustainable economy, clean environment, high living standards, prosperity and population health. According to the official data, Bosnia and Herzegovina produces annually about 13.600 GWh (data from 2010), out of which 7.950 GWh in thermal power plants and 5.650 GWh in hydro power plants. Basic domestic energy sources in Bosnia and Herzegovina include coal and hydropower, while gas and oil are imported. This paper gives an overview of future of the European Union energy policy by 2020, together with the situation and outlooks for Bosnia and Herzegovina renewable energy sources: hydropower, wind power, solar energy, biomass and geothermal energy. The legislation of renewable sources in the Federation of BIH, as well as the European Union's legislative framework, are also presented.

An assumption for satisfaction of needs and technological efficacy is related to: scientific knowledge, manufacturing operations, general technical organizational stage, engineering experience, equipment expediency and other vocational and human skills. Technological efficacies imply an improvement of technical solutions in automation domain of technological processes and application of intelligent systems in different industrial branches where automobile industry belongs to. There are a number of industrial robot applications in automobile industry today, in Asia and in other continents in the world. Their application is motivated by technical and economical reasons like: quality improvement of the completed products, fallout decrease (in montage processes), rate enlargement of the quality homogeneity-constancy (in all processes linked to robot application repeatability), security operation rate enlargement ( in aggressive, burning, explosive and other areas, with the high rate of robot protection), decrease of the necessary work force in routine and repeatability processes, manufacture cost minimising and overall maintenance, fulfilment of demands required by a competition and more rigorous quality standards. This paper provides an analysis of industrial robot application in automobile industry in countries of Asia with an overview on application trend and future development of the same industry.

This article proposes asystem for theautomatic programming of a CNC milling machine by particle swarm optimization (PSO). In the presented research, each individual swarm particle presents a possible numerical control (NC) program. Voxel representation of machining area was used. Bresenham's algorithm was implemented, for the rasterization of the cuts. Optimisation with PSO was carried out within a voxelized machining area. The system automatically finds the NC program for optimal machining. The NC program guarantees an optimal selection of tools, the shortest possible work and rapid motions, and minimization of the manufacturing time, thus achieving a reduction in machining costs and increased productivity. Testing using test workpieces and 2.5 D milling confirmed the efficiency of the proposed approach. The proposed intelligent system is easily adaptable for programming other types of CNC machines by PSO.