Triticale is a first man made crop was designed in order to obtain a cereal, which combines good quality grain yield from wheat parent with tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses (Giunta et al., 1999; Milovanovic et al., 2001; Ortiz–Monasterio et al., 2002). Triticale has potential of both parental species, strains and cultivars were found tolerant to drought (Jessop, 1996), soil acidity and aluminium toxicity. (Aniol, 2002; Baier et al., 1998; Milovanovic et al., 2001). In Serbia triticale covers about 35000 ha year for the period 2000–2004 (Statistical Year Book). Milovanovic et al. (1994) found that grain yield and certain quality parameters in winter hexaploid triticale were more dependent on season conditions in comparasion with wheat. High protein contents are characteristics for triticale. (Koc and Szymczyk, 1997; Milovanovic et al., 2001; Gastal and Lemaire, 2002; Gulmezoglu et al., 2006). Lorenz (1974) and Giza (1991) cited that triticale grains contained higher amount of P, Mg, Mn, Fe and Cu that wheat. The objective of this study was to find out the effects of different nitrogen rates to the protein yield of different triticale genotypes and the contents and uptakes of N, P, K and Ca.

The field experiment with fertilizer „Njival Ca“ (waste of the Serbian glas factory in Paracin: calcite 98.5% CaCO 3 , granulation <0.1 mm) was conducted in spring 1998 on the Kragujevac vertisol with the treatments as follows (t ha −1 on CaCO 3 basis): 0 (the control), 0.8 and 1.6 (every year), 4.0 and 8.0 (at start of the experiment). The trial was conducted in five replicates and in triplicate for wheat-maize-soybean roration. In general, limiting considerably influenced on yields of the field crops and single application of the high rates are better choice in comparison with repeated use of the low rates. For example, by yield increases in comparison with the control were as follows (comparison single application of 8 t ha −1 and repeated applications of 1.6 t ha −1 ): 29% and 9% (maize), 7% and 3% (wheat), 24% and 9% (soybean), respectively.

The field experiment was conducted after wheat harvesting (July 1997) on Zemun Polje chernozem. Maize was grown under dry farming system (without irrigation) for three growing seasons (the factor A: 1998, 1999 and 2000). Soil tillage systems (the factor B) included three treatments as follows: B1) zero tillage (direct sowing in non-cultivated soil), B2) minimum tillage (tillage with a soil miller only and sowing) and B3) conventional tillage (stubble field shallow ploughing, ploughing in autumn, presowing soil preparing and sowing). In each soil tillage treatment three levels of fertilization were used as follows: Cl) unfertilized (control), C2) the first level of fertilization (kg ha−1: 150 N + 105 P2O5 + 75 K2O) and C3) the second level of fertilization (kg ha−1: 300 N + 211 P2O5 + 150 K2O). The field experiment was conducted in four replicates. Area of base plot was 25 m2. Under drought stress of the 2000 growing season it was only 6.08 t ha−1 or 35% lower compared to 1999. The conventional tillage (yield 9.86 t ha−1) resulted by 24% and 84% yield increases compared to reduced tillage and zero-tillage, respectively. Using the second rate of fertilizer (yield 8.86 t ha−1) increased yields by 17% and 32% compared to the first rate and non-fertilized treatments, respectively. Weeds infestations (weeds m−2) under conventional tillage was considerably lower (7) compared to reduced (39) and zero-tillage (46).