Haemodialysis is a fast and efficient meth-od for removing toxins from the body in a straightforward manner. This has been a regular practice at the Paediatric Clinic in Sarajevo, Department of Paediatric In-tensive Therapy since January 2009. By December 2014 there were 34 patients treated by haemodialysis, who had un-dergone 253 haemodialyses in total. There were 18 (52.9%) primary nephrologic pa-tients, while 16 (41.05%) were patients whose renal failure was caused by other etiology. The main objective of this paper is to present the most common conditions in childhood that require haemodialysis in its treatment. The Department of Paediat-ric Intensive Therapy for this period had hospitalized 1,226 patients in total. Out of this number 2.77% of patients required the application of haemodialysis in their treat-ment. The results show that the most common renal causes to perform haemodialysis are: haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), chronic renal failure, nephrotic syndrome and congenital bilateral nephrolithiasis. For the others, the most common non-renal causes are multiple organ dysfunc-tion syndrome (MODS) that occurs as a result of cardiac insufficiency, hepatic in-sufficiency or after surgeries, as well as in hemato-oncologic diseases.

Introduction With improvement in postoperative care of surgical, cardiac, neurosurgical and other surgical paediatric patients, better outcome has been proven. Pts after surgery were transffered at Paediatric, Neonatal Intensive and Postintensive Cardiac Care Units at Paediatric clinic. Methods Retrospective evaluation of patients treated during January 2008–November 2013 period was performed. Patients were classified according to: sex, age, type of disease, total and specific mortality. Results Study included 468 postoperative patients. Paediatric surgery was represented with 64.9%. Cardiac surgery 21.7%, Neurosurgery 8.9%, and others 4.2%. Morbidity structure of surgical patients was: EA 12 (3.9%), gastroschisis 8 (2.6%), omphalocele 5 (1.6%), CDH 6 (2%), NEC 15(4.9%), urogenital procedures 75 (24.7%), GI tract-inflammations 41 (13.5%), congenital megacolon 9 (3%), bowel obstruction 72 (23.7%), tumour procedures 44 (14.5%). Cardiac structure: ToF 28(27.4%), VSD 24 (23.5%), ASD 14(13.7%), complex CHD 14 (13.7%), AVSD-a 8 (7.8%), TGA 3 (2.9%), AP stenosis 3 (2.9%), DAP 8 (7.8%). Hydrocephalus was present in 26 patients (66.6%). Total surgical mortality: 14.5%, specific paediatric surgery mortality was: 12.5%, cardiac:16.6%, neurosurgical: 23.8%, others 15%. In morbidity structure NEC was present in 26.3%, survival of 34%, CDH 50%, gastroschisis 62.5% and EA 75%. Survival post cardiac surgery was 100% for DAP, pulmonary artery stenosis 96%, VSD 93%, ASD 82%, ToF 75%, AVSD 57%, 34% for TGA. Survival of hydrocephalus with comorbidity was 20%. Conclusion Morbidity and mortality of postoperative care patients points for further improvement and development of children health care, having in mind that requres team’s work.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between the number of nosocomial infections prior to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) diagnosis as well as to evaluated how it contributed to development of NEC in premature infants. Material and methods: The study included 51 preterm infants diagnosed with NEC and 71 preterm infants without NEC hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Clinical Center University of Sarajevo. We evaluated the correlation of the number of nosocomial infections prior to NEC diagnosis with the development of NEC. Results: There was a statistically significant association of the number of nosocomial infections prior NEC diagnosis with the development of NEC (odds ratio, 3.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-10.01). Conclusion: Increased number of nosocomial infections prior to NEC diagnosis is associated with increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis.

Introduction Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a form of nosocomial infections - pneumonia which occurs in patients who are on mechanical ventilation for longer than 48 hours. It is very often complication on intensive unit care. Aim To evaluate prevalence VAP on Paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and the most common causes. Subjects and methods: From mart 2009. till mart 2011., 42 patients age two months to eight years. Design of study: prospective Patients were divided according to age, gender, time of manifestations VAP, types of microorganisms isolated in cultures. Results From 42 investigated patients 22/42 (52.3%) were females. Patients were divided in the groups according to their age as follows: 0–6 months 9/42 (21.4%), 7–12 months 17/42 (40.4%), 1–3 years 11/42 (24.4%), 4–8 years 5/42 (11.9%)patients. According to time of manifestations VAP: between 48–96 hours of ventilations 14/42 (33.3%) patients, after 96 hours of ventilations 14/42 (33.3%) patients. According to types of microorganismus isolated in cultures: Klebsiella pneumoniae 12/42 (28.5%), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus 7/42 (16.6%), Staphylococcus aureus 7/42 (16.6%), Pseudomonas aeraginosa 4/42 (9.5%), Enterobacter4/42 (9.5%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 2/42 (4.7%), unknown 8/42 (19.2%).De-escalation therapy was administered in 30/42 (71.4%) patients. Dual antibiotic therapy was found in 22/42 (52.3%) patients. Mortality was 13/42 (30.9%) patients, in group therapy with deeskalation 7/13 (53.8%), whereas in the monotherapy group was 8/13 (61.5%) patients. Conclusion VAP is quite common complication on PICU. Previously taken cultures are very helpful in s timely selection antibiotics and successful recovery.