Rationale: Hydrocele of the canal of Nuck is a rare developmental disorder and represents of a homolog of hydrocele of spermatic cord in males. Hydrocele of the canal of Nuck is a very rare cause of inguinal swelling in female infants and children. It results from the failure of obliteration of the distal portion of evaginated parietal peritoneum within the inguinal canal, which forms a sac containing fluid. Patient concerns: We describe a case of hydrocele of the canal of Nuck in an 11-month-old girl with a past medical history of duodenal atresia and Arnold-Chiari malformation. Diagnosis: Physical examination and ultrasound revealed a soft, cystic, noncompressible, and non-fluctuant labial mass measuring approximately 5 cm. Interventions: The patient underwent surgical exploration through a right skin crease incision. The cystic lesion was histologically confirmed to be a non-communicated hydrocele of canal of Nuck. Outcomes: The child is doing well at 1-year follow-up with no swelling or recurrence on the operated side. Lessons: Hydrocele of the canal of Nuck is a rare developmental disorder but should be considered in a differential diagnosis in young girls with an inguino-labial swelling.

Aggressive fibromatosis, also known as desmoid tumor, is a locally invasive soft tissue lesion arising from connective tissues. Reports in children less than 10 years of age is rare. We report a case of a  desmoid tumor located at the middle and lower third of the left rectus abdominis, in a 2-year-old-boy. Partial resection of the muscle segment and simultaneous reconstruction of the abdominal wall by abdominal fascia was done. The patient had an uneventful recovery. At one year of follow-up neither recurrence nor functional or aesthetic complications were seen.

Selected Abstracts of the 6th International Congress of UENPS • Session “Infections and inflammation” VALENCIA (SPAIN) • NOVEMBER 23RD-25TH 2016 The Congress has been organized by the Union of European Neonatal and Perinatal Societies (UENPS). PRESIDENTS Manuel Sánchez Luna, UENPS President Maximo Vento, UENPS 6 Congress President UENPS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE President: Manuel Sánchez Luna; Vice President: Corrado Moretti; General Secretary: Artur Beke; Treasurer: Gabriel Dimitriou; Members: Rosalina Barroso, Rasa Tameliene, Heili Varendi; Supervisory Committee: Giuseppe Buonocore, Boris Filipovic-Grcic, Nelly Jekova SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Manuel Sánchez Luna, Maximo Vento, Corrado Moretti, Artur Beke, Gabriel Dimitriou, Rosalina Barroso, Rasa Tameliene, Heili Varendi, Giuseppe Buonocore, Boris Filipovic-Grcic, Nelly Jekova LOCAL SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Máximo Vento, Isabel Izquierdo, Marta Aguar, María Cernada, María Gormaz, Nuria Boronat, Anna Parra Llorca, Antonio Nuñez, Julia Kuligowski, Maria Consuelo Chafer, Angel Sánchez-Illana MEMBERS OF UENPS Association of Neonatologists of Georgia; Association of Neonatologists of Ukraine; Bulgarian Neonatology Association; Croatian Society for Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care; Croatian Society for Perinatal Medicine; Czech Neonatology Society; Estonian Perinatal Society; Finnish Perinatology Society; French Society of Neonatology; Hellenic Neonatal Society; Hungarian Society of Perinatology and Obstetric Anesthesiology; Irish Society of Neonatology; Israel Neonatology Association; Italian Neonatal Society; Latvian Neonatal Society; Lithuanian Neonatology Association; Macedonian Neonatal Association; Neonatal Society of Bosnia and Herzegovina; Polish Neonatal Society; Portuguese Neonatal Society; Romanian Neonatology Association; Russian Neonatal Society; Serbian Perinatal Society; Slovakian Neonatal Pediatric Society; Slovenian Neonatal Society; Spanish Neonatal Society; Turkish Neonatal Society Organizing secretariat

Background. Acute appendicitis is a leading cause of the abdominal pain in children that need an urgent surgical treatment. Neither of individually clinical variables doesn’t have a real discriminational nor predictive strength to be used as the only diagnostic test. A goal of this study is to define ultrasound criteria of the acute appendicitis by appointing of ultrasound parameters for this pathological condition, determine the relation between ultrasound signs and pathohistological finding, determine the connection of several ultrasound signs with a degree of the inflammation of the acute appendicitis. Methods. In the prospective study with an ultrasound method we examine 50 patients with clinical signs of the acute abdomen. In these patients, the sonographic diagnosis is confirmed by the surgical finding, in fact with a pathohistological diagnosis. A basic, positive sonograph finding of the acute appendicitis was the identification of tubular, noncompresive, aperistaltic bowel which demonstrates a connection with coecum and blind terminal. In our work we analysed the lasting of the symptoms until the hospital intervention in patients stratified according to the pathohistological finding. We used ultrasound equipment- Toshiba Sonolayer with convex 3.75 MHz and linear 8 MHz probes. Results. From 8 ultrasound signs of the acute appendicitis, only an anterior-posterior (AP) diameter of appendices, FAT (width of periappendicular fat tissue) and a peristaltic absence are positive ultrasound signs of the acute appendicitis. Appendicitis phlegmonosa is the most common pathohistological finding in our study (44%). Perforate gangrenous appendicitis and gangrenous appendicitis are represented in more than half of patients (30% + 22%), which suggests a long period of persisting symptoms until a hospital treatment. A statistic analysis shows a great possibility for using values of AP diameter, width of periapendicular fat tissue, just like the values of mural thickness in the evaluation of the appendix inflammation level. Conclusions. Ultrasound is an absolute method of choice in the eventual doubt of the existing state of acute appendicitis, with 8 ultrasound signs that defined this pathological condition. AP appendix diameter, mural thickness and width of periapendicular fat tissue represents highly significant ultrasound criteria in the evaluation of the appendix inflammation level.