Splenogonadal fusion (SGF) is a rare developmental anomaly in which an abnormal connection between the splenic tissue and gonads or mesonephric derivatives is present. This entity often presents with scrotal mass, inguinal hernia, or cryptorchidism. Less than 200 cases have been reported since it was first described in 1883. It can be of continuous and discontinuous type based on the presence of a band of connecting splenic tissue. Report a rare case of discontinuous type of SGF in an adolescent male presenting as nonpalpable testis. On evaluation, ultrasonography (USG) and magnetic resonance imaging of abdomen and pelvis, his left scrotal testis was atrophied and right intra-abdominal undescended testis. This is the first reported case of SGF from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Laparoscopy was demonstrated to be the only accurate exploratory procedure for the diagnosis and surgical treatment of SGF with non‐palpable testis.

Abstract Rationale: Circumcision like any other surgical procedure is not devoid of complications. Serious complications are rare and include iatrogenic hypospadias, glans ischemia/necrosis, and glans amputation, all of which require an emergent treatment. Patient concerns: We report here a case of 6 months-old-boy with a superficial glans ischemia following circumcision. Diagnosis: Physical examination revealed a severely cyanotic glans with the moderate edema of the dorsal penile skin. Plasma levels of D-dimer were 8.57 mg/L. Urine passage was unremarkable while color Doppler ultrasonography revealed a normal blood flow. Interventions: The patient was successfully treated with subcutaneous injection of enoxaparin (low-molecular-weight heparin) and topical 2.5% dihydrotestosterone. Outcomes: The appearance of the glans penis on the 5th day was close to normal while the control levels of D-dimer dropped to the reference range. The patient was discharged from the hospital on the 6th day. At 6-month follow-up, the appearance of the glans penis was normal. Lessons: Acute glans penis ischemia following circumcision is a rare complication. Its successful treatment with enoxaparin and topical dihydrotestosterone has not been previously reported in the literature.

Background: Stump appendicitis is an acute inflammation of the residual part of the appendix and a rare complication of incomplete appendectomy. This is a rare delayed complication after appendectomy with the reported incidence of 1 in 50,000 cases. Clinically it can be presented as acute abdomen and presents a diagnostic dilemma. Prompt recognition is important to lead to an early treatment, thus avoiding serious complications. Case study: We present a 14-year-old girl with diagnosis of stump appendicitis, who underwent surgical treatment (open appendectomy) after  having laparoscopic appendectomy a month before. Radiologically (UZV and CT scan) was diagnosed an inflammatory mass with abscess dimension 41 x 21 mm in the right iliac fossa. During operation a 1,5 cm-diameter appendiceal stump was noted in the anatomical region of the appendix. The appendiceal stump was resected and inverted into the cecal wall. Histopathology examination showed acute inflammation and patchy necrosis of the appendiceal stump. The post-operative course was uneventful. Patient was discharged on third post-operative day. Conclusion: Stump appendicitis is a rare but serious complication of appendectomy. The prevalence and incidence of stump appendicitis has been increasing in the recent years. Clinical presentation of stump appendicitis mimics symptoms and signs of acute appendicitis or acute abdomen and with a previous appendectomy. So it must be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen despite the patient’s open or especially laparoscopic appendectomy history.

Disorders related to Bartholin’s duct and glands affect approximately 2% of young women, and are very rare in premenarchal girls. Bartholin’s gland cysts are usualy small, do not cause any symptoms and resolve spontaneously. However, symptomatic larger cysts require medical treatment. Although many treatment modalities have been applyed, the best approach has not yet been found. Treatment modalities of Bartholin’s cyst include application of silver nitrate to the abscess cavity, incision and drainage of the cyst, curettage of the abscess cavity, placement of “Word catheter”, marsupialization, needle aspiration and alcohol sclerotheraphy, carbon dioxide laser excision and surgical gland excision. Here, we report a case of a large, soft, regular contoured painless Bartholin’s cyst located in the left labia minora with a diameter of 8 x 5 cm in an 11-year-old premenarchal girl, treated by surgical gland excision after previous unsuccessful incision and aspiration of the cyst.

Aggressive fibromatosis, also known as desmoid tumor, is a locally invasive soft tissue lesion arising from connective tissues. Reports in children less than 10 years of age is rare. We report a case of a  desmoid tumor located at the middle and lower third of the left rectus abdominis, in a 2-year-old-boy. Partial resection of the muscle segment and simultaneous reconstruction of the abdominal wall by abdominal fascia was done. The patient had an uneventful recovery. At one year of follow-up neither recurrence nor functional or aesthetic complications were seen.

A seven-day old male infant (weight 3.5 kg) presented with abdominal distension and a mass in the abdomen since birth. There was no history of exposure to any drugs or radiation to the mother in the antenatal period. All the laboratory investigations including beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were normal. X-ray abdomen showed a mass effect in the abdomen with calcifications in the left hypochondrium (Fig.1A).