AIM To examine caries risk using the Cariogram model, interactive PC program for caries risk evaluation in 12-year-old children and to correlate caries risk in children of different socioeconomic backgrounds. MATERIAL AND METHODS 109, Sarajevo 12-year-olds in three groups based on socioeconomic background. Baseline data on general health condition, diet frequency and use of fluoride were obtained. DMFT and plaque scores were calculated. Saliva analyses included lactobacillus and mutans streptococci levels in saliva, saliva secretion and buffer capacity. Scores were entered into the Cariogram model and risk was calculated for each child. RESULTS Most 12-year-old children have a medium risk of caries, with a 59.4% chance of avoiding future caries. In an average caries risk profile of children from Sarajevo the dominant sector is diet, with 12.5% risk; bacteria sector (plaque and mutans streptococci level) 10.8% risk; susceptibility (fluoride, saliva secretion and buffering capacity) 9.7% risk; circumstances (caries experience and medical history) 7.4% risk. Caries risk profiles showed that there are differences in the socioeconomic status of children with significantly greater risk in children with poor living conditions who also have the most unfavourable caries risk profiles. CONCLUSIONS The Cariogram model can successfully determine caries risk profiles for 12-year-old children of different socioeconomic status and can be used in developing preventive strategies for reducing caries risk in children.

Recognition and treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is still a problem, mainly because the term encompasses many symptoms of different etiology. Classification on joint and muscle disorders facilitated the diagnosis and treatment of TMD. However, in the absence of a validated pathophysiological model, there is still a need for acquiring new knowledge. Furthermore, the diagnosis and treatment of TMD usually require a multidisciplinary approach. Orthodontic treatment is sometimes associated with the occurrence of signs and symptoms of TMD. The recent scientific literature, however, considers such association unfounded, and some clinical studies even show reduction in TMD symptoms subsequent to orthodontic treatment. Besides causing confusion in scientific world, such contradictory information creates problems to practitioners in their daily work when treating patients suffering from orofacial pain. Through the presentation of clinical cases, this lecture will try to answer how to clearly recognize the signs of TMD as well as patients who are at increased risk of their occurrence. It will describe the procedures and guidelines recommended for treating these disorders in a simple manner, comprehensible to the practitioner, with an emphasis on the description of occlusal splints fabrication. TURNER SyNDROME CHALLENGE FOR EARLy DIAGNOSIS AND ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT Cvetanka Bajraktarova Misevska* *PHO University Dental Clinical Centre St. Pantelejmon, Clinic Of Orthodontics, Skopje, FYR of Macedonia Corresponding Author: Cvetanka Bajraktarova Misevska PHO University Dental Clinical Centre St. Pantelejmon, Clinic Of Orthodontics, Skopje, FYR of Macedonia e-mail: cmisevska@yahoo.com