OBJECTIVE The aim of this research was to assess the efficiency of different multifactor models in caries prediction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from the questionnaire and objective examination of 109 examinees was entered into the Cariogram, Previser and Caries-Risk Assessment Tool (CAT) multifactor risk assessment models. Caries risk was assessed with the help of all three models for each patient, classifying them as low, medium or high-risk patients. The development of new caries lesions over a period of three years [Decay Missing Filled Tooth (DMFT) increment = difference between Decay Missing Filled Tooth Surface (DMFTS) index at baseline and follow up], provided for examination of the predictive capacity concerning different multifactor models. RESULTS The data gathered showed that different multifactor risk assessment models give significantly different results (Friedman test: Chi square = 100.073, p=0.000). Cariogram is the model which identified the majority of examinees as medium risk patients (70%). The other two models were more radical in risk assessment, giving more unfavorable risk -profiles for patients. In only 12% of the patients did the three multifactor models assess the risk in the same way. Previser and CAT gave the same results in 63% of cases - the Wilcoxon test showed that there is no statistically significant difference in caries risk assessment between these two models (Z = -1.805, p=0.071). CONCLUSION Evaluation of three different multifactor caries risk assessment models (Cariogram, PreViser and CAT) showed that only the Cariogram can successfully predict new caries development in 12-year-old Bosnian children.

Adresa za dopisivanje Alma Dozic ACTA, Academic Center for Dentistry in Amsterdam Department of Dental Materials Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004 1081 LA Amsterdam, Netherland a.dozic@acta.nl Sažetak Ljudski zubi građeni su od organskih i anorganskih tkivnih komponenata sličnih kostima. Može se pretpostaviti da strukturalna promjena boje zuba u različitim prirodnim uvjetima može poslužiti u forenzičnoj tafonomiji kao, na primjer, u slučaju kad se potvrđuje okoliš i uvjeti ukopa te vrijeme provedeno nakon smrti (PMI-a). Danas se uočavaju i vrlo male promjene u nijansi zuba zahvaljajući dobro razvijenim dentalnim spekrtofotometrima. Poznato je da zubi, ako su izloženi utjecaju zraka, brzo dehidriraju, ali stupanj i način tih promjena u vremenskom intervalu dosad nije objektivno izmjeren. Svrha istraživanja: Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je odrediti stupanj i obrazac promjene boja zuba izloženih određeno vrijeme trima različitim uvjetima. Materijal i postupci: Za istraživanje su odabrani impaktirani treći kutnjaci zato što do tada nisu bili izloženi okolišnim uvjetima. Njihove vrijednosti CIE L*a*b* nakon ekspozicije u suhim uvjetima, natrijevu kloridu (NaCl) i umjetnoj slini (kontrola) izmjerio je iskusni stručnjak dentalnim spektrofotometrom u razmacima od 1 sat, 24 sata, 1 tjedan, 3 tjedna, 5 tjedana i 7 tjedana. Rezultati: Vrijednosti koordinata za L*-lightness (svjetlost) i b*-blue-yellow (plavo-žutu boju) bile su znatno povišene u suhim uvjetima (p < ,001 za svjetlost i p ≤ ,050 za boju), a koordinate za a*-green-red (zeleno-crveno) nisu pokazale statistički značajan pomak. Izloženost ekstrahiranih trećih kutnjaka suhim uvjetima prouzročila je veliko povećanje kordinata L* i b* prema svjetlijem i žućem dijelu, u usporedbi s izloženošću zuba umjetnoj slini i natrijevu kloridu, u svim testiranim uvjetima koordinata a* pokazala se kao vrlo promjenljiva. Zaključak: Izloženost ekstrahiranih impaktiranih umnjaka suhim uvjetima uzrokovala je znatno uzastopno povećanje vrijednosti L* i b* u usporedbi s izloženošću zuba natrijevu kloridu i umjetnoj slini. Ključne riječi forenzička stomatologija; smrt; vlaga; zub; odontometrija; kolorimetrija 1 ACTA – Stomatološki akademski centar u Amsterdamu, Zavod za dentalne materijale, Amsterdam, Nizozemska ACTA, Academic Center for Dentistry in Amsterdam, Department of Dental Materials, Amsterdam, Netherland 2 Stomatološki fakultet Sveučilišta u Sarajevu, BiH Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 Zavod za sudsku medicinu i kriminalistiku Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci, Hrvatska Department of Forensic Medicine and Criminalistics, Rijeka University School of Medicine, Croatia

The main aim of this paper is to present epidemiological indicators of oral health among six-year olds in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) and to analyze values of dmft index and dental treatment needs in order to identify differences in parts of the country. Another aim is to identify the needs from the public oral health care system in Bosnia and Herzegovina related to early permanent dentition by analyzing the condition of first permanent molars (FPM) as an indicator of oral health of permanent dentition. Survey was carried out in 2004 in 8 cantons of the Federation of BH (FBH) and in the Republic of Srpska (RS). Final sample included 560 participants aged six (mean 6.2, SD +/- 0.87). One dental team clinically examined all participants according to WHO methodology and criteria. The parameters used were: dmft index, DMFT index of first permanent molars (FPM), presence of sealants and treatment needs. A questionnaire about oral health habits had been administered. Dmft was 6.71 in that the d-component constituted the major part of the index. DMFT index of FPM was 0.61 (SD +/- 1.08). Percentage of caries free participants aged 6 was 6.8%. Average number of FPM with fissure sealants in BH was 0.25 (SD +/- 0.78). Significant demographic differences in dmft index, DMFT FPM and treatment needs were identified. Most participants (48.5%) had their first dental visit between the ages of five and seven. National oral health goal for Bosnia and Herzegovina should be to develop and implement disease prevention programs based on education of both parents and dental practitioners. It is necessary to improve access to dental care and shift focus from curative to preventive procedures. It is also necessary to set real goals for improvement of oral health which can be achieved within a desired time frame, as well as to precisely define measures to be taken.

Paleodontology in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) does not have a long tradition. As in many other countries, researches on earlier human population’s dental samples have been done within broader archeological or paleontological studies. Ćiro Truhelka, Radimsky Vaclav, Alojz Benac, Đuro Basler are some of the archeologists who described findings on human remains during their exploration of archeological sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina as well. Furthermore, V. Radimsky wrote instructions for archeological excavation in the caves, and protection and conservation procedures of founded material, including human remains in his book “Prehistorička nalazišta” (“Prehistorical Finds”), published in 1891 in Sarajevo, (1).